Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1089, USA.
Urol Clin North Am. 2013 May;40(2):271-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2013.01.014. Epub 2013 Mar 7.
Treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMBIC) requires direct visual appreciation of the tumor. Transurethral resection that is dependent solely on white light cystoscopy (WLC) often fails to accurately stage or completely resect NMIBC. These deficiencies of WLC are significant contributors to the high rates of recurrence and eventual progression to muscle invasive disease. This article looks at technologies that are being used in adjunct to WLC to augment the urologist's ability to identify, stage, and treat NMIBC.
治疗非肌肉浸润性膀胱癌（NMIBC）需要直接观察肿瘤。单纯依赖白光膀胱镜检查（WLC）的经尿道切除术往往无法准确分期或完全切除 NMIBC。WLC 的这些缺陷是导致高复发率和最终进展为肌肉浸润性疾病的重要因素。本文探讨了一些正在与 WLC 联合使用的技术，这些技术可以增强泌尿科医生识别、分期和治疗 NMIBC 的能力。
