Kochar Rajan, Banerjee Subhas
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2013 Apr;23(2):199-218. doi: 10.1016/j.giec.2012.12.008. Epub 2013 Jan 31.
Infection of the biliary tract, or cholangitis, is a potentially life-threatening condition. Bile duct stones are the most common cause of biliary obstruction predisposing to cholangitis. The key components in the pathogenesis of cholangitis are biliary obstruction and biliary infection. Several underlying mechanisms of bactibilia have been proposed. Characteristic clinical features of cholangitis include abdominal pain, fever, and jaundice. A combination of clinical features with laboratory tests and imaging studies are frequently used to diagnose cholangitis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is the best diagnostic test. Less invasive imaging tests may be performed initially in clinically stable patients with uncertain diagnoses.
胆道感染，即胆管炎，是一种可能危及生命的疾病。胆管结石是导致胆管炎的最常见的胆道梗阻原因。胆管炎发病机制的关键因素是胆道梗阻和胆道感染。已经提出了几种细菌入胆的潜在机制。胆管炎的典型临床特征包括腹痛、发热和黄疸。临床特征与实验室检查及影像学检查相结合常用于诊断胆管炎。内镜逆行胰胆管造影是最佳诊断检查。对于诊断不明确的临床稳定患者，可首先进行侵入性较小的影像学检查。
