Bijonowski Brent M, Miller William M, Wertheim Jason A
Master of Biotechnology Program, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL ; Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
Curr Opin Chem Eng. 2013 Feb 1;2(1):32-40. doi: 10.1016/j.coche.2012.12.001.
Bioartificial or laboratory-grown organs is a growing field centered on developing replacement organs and tissues to restore body function and providing a potential solution to the shortage of donor organs for transplantation. With the entry of engineered planar tissues, such as bladder and trachea, into clinical studies, an increasing focus is being given to designing complex, three-dimensional solid organs. As tissues become larger, thicker and more complex, the vascular network becomes crucial for supplying nutrients and maintaining viability and growth of the neo-organ. Perfusion decellularization, the process of removing cells from an entire organ, leaves the matrix of the vascular network intact. Organ engineering requires a delicate process of decellularization, sterilization, reseeding with appropriate cells, and organ maturation and stimulation to ensure optimal development. The design of bioreactors to facilitate this sequence of events has been refined to the extent that some bioartificial organs grown in these systems have been transplanted into recipient animals with sustained, though limited, function. This review focuses on the state-of-art in bioreactor development for perfusion-based bioartificial organs and highlights specific design components in need of further refinement.
生物人工器官或实验室培育器官是一个不断发展的领域，其核心是开发用于替代的器官和组织以恢复身体功能，并为移植供体器官短缺提供潜在解决方案。随着工程化平面组织（如膀胱和气管）进入临床研究，人们越来越关注设计复杂的三维实体器官。随着组织变得更大、更厚且更复杂，血管网络对于供应营养以及维持新器官的活力和生长变得至关重要。灌注脱细胞法，即从整个器官中去除细胞的过程，可使血管网络的基质保持完整。器官工程需要一个精细的过程，包括脱细胞、灭菌、用合适的细胞重新接种以及器官成熟和刺激，以确保最佳发育。用于促进这一系列事件的生物反应器设计已经得到改进，以至于在这些系统中培育的一些生物人工器官已被移植到受体动物体内，并具有持续但有限的功能。本综述重点介绍基于灌注的生物人工器官生物反应器开发的最新进展，并强调需要进一步改进的特定设计组件。
