Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e59955. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059955. Epub 2013 Mar 27.
Although there is a general consensus among researchers that engagement in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is associated with increased risk for suicidal behavior, little attention has been given to whether suicidal risk varies among individuals engaging in NSSI. To identify individuals with a history of NSSI who are most at risk for suicidal behavior, we examined individual variability in both NSSI and suicidal behavior among a sample of young adults with a history of NSSI (N = 439, Mage = 19.1). Participants completed self-report measures assessing NSSI, suicidal behavior, and psychosocial adjustment (e.g., depressive symptoms, daily hassles). We conducted a latent class analysis using several characteristics of NSSI and suicidal behaviors as class indicators. Three subgroups of individuals were identified: 1) an infrequent NSSI/not high risk for suicidal behavior group, 2) a frequent NSSI/not high risk for suicidal behavior group, and 3) a frequent NSSI/high risk for suicidal behavior group. Follow-up analyses indicated that individuals in the 'frequent NSSI/high risk for suicidal behavior' group met the clinical-cut off score for high suicidal risk and reported significantly greater levels of suicidal ideation, attempts, and risk for future suicidal behavior as compared to the other two classes. Thus, this study is the first to identity variability in suicidal risk among individuals engaging in frequent and multiple methods of NSSI. Class 3 was also differentiated by higher levels of psychosocial impairment relative to the other two classes, as well as a comparison group of non-injuring young adults. Results underscore the importance of assessing individual differences in NSSI characteristics, as well as psychosocial impairment, when assessing risk for suicidal behavior.
虽然研究人员普遍认为，非自杀性自伤（NSSI）的发生与自杀行为风险的增加有关，但很少有人关注从事 NSSI 的个体之间的自杀风险是否存在差异。为了确定有 NSSI 病史的个体中哪些人最有可能发生自杀行为，我们在一组有 NSSI 病史的年轻成年人（N = 439，Mage = 19.1）中检查了 NSSI 和自杀行为的个体差异。参与者完成了自我报告的测量，评估 NSSI、自杀行为和心理社会适应（例如，抑郁症状、日常困扰）。我们使用 NSSI 和自杀行为的几个特征作为类别指标进行潜在类别分析。确定了三个个体亚组：1）NSSI 不频繁/自杀行为风险不高组，2）NSSI 频繁/自杀行为风险不高组，3）NSSI 频繁/自杀行为风险高组。后续分析表明，“NSSI 频繁/自杀行为风险高”组的个体符合高自杀风险的临床截止分数，并报告了明显更高水平的自杀意念、自杀尝试和未来自杀行为的风险，与其他两个类别相比。因此，这项研究首次确定了从事频繁和多种 NSSI 方法的个体中自杀风险的可变性。与其他两个类别相比，第 3 类在心理社会障碍方面也存在差异，与非伤害性年轻成年人的比较组也存在差异。结果强调了在评估自杀行为风险时评估 NSSI 特征和心理社会障碍个体差异的重要性。
