Gargiulo D A, Chemal C, Joda L, Lee Y J, Pilkington M, Haywood A, Garg S
a School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland , New Zealand.
N Z Vet J. 2013 Nov;61(6):311-5. doi: 10.1080/00480169.2013.773853. Epub 2013 Apr 2.
The aims of this study were to explore the extent of extemporaneous compounding in veterinary centres throughout New Zealand and to determine whether pharmacists could collaborate with veterinarians to improve this service in New Zealand.
Questionnaires were sent to 200 randomly selected veterinarians in New Zealand. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with selected participants from four animal facilities (zoos, research facilities and animal shelters) and two compounding pharmacies.
Of the 200 veterinarian questionnaire recipients, 99 responded. Ten replies were withdrawn from the study giving a response rate of 44.5%. Of these 89, 33 (37%) compounded in their practice. Of the 33 compounding professionals, 3 (9%) compounded daily for animals under their care; 11 (34%) weekly, 18 (54%) monthly and 1 (3%) compounded yearly. Compounding was done by 29/33 (88%) veterinarians, 16/33 (48%) veterinary nurses or 6/33 (18%) others. It was carried out due to the unavailability of commercial products, or the need for dose adjustment to ease administration or improve compliance. The animals most commonly requiring veterinary compounding were dogs (21/33; 64%), cats (19/33; 58%) or cattle (15/33; 46%). Products which were commonly compounded included cyclosporin eye drops, methimazole gels and potassium bromide solutions. Issues commonly faced when compounding included unavailability of dosage forms (18/33; 55%) or appropriate ingredients (14/33; 42%), stability (12/33; 36%), time constraints (10/33; 30%) or unavailability of equipment (9/33; 27%). Reasons given for not compounding included medicines being commercially available (38/56; 68%), pharmacy compounding for those particular practices (24/56; 43%), lack of training (21/56; 38%), ingredients (16/56; 29%) or equipment (15/56; 11%). All participants who worked with a pharmacist (11/33; 33%) described this relationship as beneficial and indicated they would continue to do so in the future.
Veterinary extemporaneous compounding exists in New Zealand. As pharmacists have extensive knowledge in formulating medications and compounding they could be of greater value to veterinarians and their patients. Educating both professions on the opportunities available to them from this collaboration could be an important step forward.
This study provides new information regarding extemporaneous compounding for veterinary patients in New Zealand.
本研究的目的是探究新西兰各地兽医中心临时调配药物的程度，并确定药剂师是否可以与兽医合作以改善新西兰的这项服务。
向新西兰随机挑选的200名兽医发送问卷。还对来自四个动物设施（动物园、研究机构和动物收容所）和两家调配药房的选定参与者进行了半结构化访谈。
在200名收到问卷的兽医中，99人做出了回应。有10份回复被排除在研究之外，回复率为44.5%。在这89名回复者中，33人（37%）在其工作中进行药物调配。在这33名调配专业人员中，3人（9%）每天为其护理的动物进行调配；11人（34%）每周进行调配，18人（54%）每月进行调配，1人（3%）每年进行调配。33名调配人员中有29人（88%）是兽医，16人（48%）是兽医护士，6人（18%）是其他人员。进行调配是因为没有市售产品，或者需要调整剂量以方便给药或提高依从性。最常需要兽医调配药物的动物是狗（21/33；64%）、猫（19/33；58%）或牛（15/33；46%）。常见的调配产品包括环孢素滴眼液、甲巯咪唑凝胶和溴化钾溶液。调配时常见的问题包括剂型（18/33；55%）或合适成分（14/33；42%）无法获得、稳定性（12/33；36%）、时间限制（10/33；30%）或设备无法获得（9/33；27%）。不进行调配的原因包括药品有市售（38/56；68%）、特定机构由药房进行调配（24/56；43%）、缺乏培训（21/56；38%）、成分（16/56；29%）或设备（15/56；11%）。所有与药剂师合作的参与者（11/33；33%）都认为这种关系是有益的，并表示他们将来会继续这样做。
新西兰存在兽医临时调配药物的情况。由于药剂师在药物制剂和调配方面有丰富的知识，他们对兽医及其患者可能更有价值。让这两个专业了解这种合作带来的机会可能是向前迈出的重要一步。
本研究提供了关于新西兰兽医患者临时调配药物的新信息。
