Karara Adel H, Hines Ryan, Demir Zehra, Nnorom Bethran, Horsey Robert, Twigg Geoffrey
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland.
Walgreens, Salisbury, Maryland.
Int J Pharm Compd. 2016 Nov-Dec;20(6):461-467.
Extemporaneous drug formulation is essential to provide optimal pharmaceutical care to veterinary patients. The need for this is exacerbated by the fact that commercially produced veterinary-specific products, without a human indication, require specialty veterinary manufacturing facilities and a new animal drug application process to gain marketing approval. This study examined the prescription patterns of extemporaneously compounded veterinary preparations in the compounding department at a large independent community pharmacy. Data was obtained from a total of 1348 prescriptions requiring extemporaneous compounding over the course of a two-year period (2014-2015). A database was constructed and each compounded prescription was allocated to a therapeutic category based on the American Hospital Formulary Service Drug Information. Data analysis showed that the most commonly prescribed preparations belonged to the central nervous system (39%), anti-infective agents (21%), and hormones (12%) therapeutic categories. Overall, suspensions were the most dispensed (47%), extemporaneously compounded dosage forms followed by solutions (28%), and capsules (10%). The majority (88%) of compounded preparations were administered by the oral route. The top three drugs that are compounded for veterinary medicine were (1) potassium bromide oral solution for canine epilepsy, (2) methimazole solution used to treat hyperthyroidism in cats, and (3) metronidazole suspension, an antibiotic for the treatment of diarrhea and other infections in dogs and cats. Remarkably, our findings are in good agreement with previously published survey data on the top drugs that are compounded for veterinary medicine. In the era of personalized medicine, veterinary extemporaneous compounding for specialized needs will continue to play an important role providing optimum therapy for veterinary patients.
临时药物制剂对于为兽医患者提供最佳药学服务至关重要。由于商业生产的无人类适应症的兽用特定产品需要专门的兽用生产设施以及新动物药品申请程序以获得上市批准，这一需求变得更加迫切。本研究调查了一家大型独立社区药房配药部门临时配制的兽用制剂的处方模式。数据来自于2014年至2015年两年期间总共1348份需要临时配制的处方。构建了一个数据库，并根据《美国医院处方集服务药物信息》将每份配制处方分配到一个治疗类别。数据分析表明，最常开具的制剂属于中枢神经系统（39%）、抗感染药（21%）和激素（12%）治疗类别。总体而言，混悬剂是最常配发的（47%），其次是临时配制的剂型溶液剂（28%）和胶囊剂（10%）。大多数（88%）配制制剂通过口服途径给药。用于兽医学配制的前三种药物是：（1）用于犬癫痫的溴化钾口服溶液，（2）用于治疗猫甲状腺功能亢进的甲巯咪唑溶液，以及（3）甲硝唑混悬剂，一种用于治疗犬猫腹泻和其他感染的抗生素。值得注意的是，我们的研究结果与先前发表的关于兽医学配制的顶级药物的调查数据高度一致。在个性化医疗时代，针对特殊需求的兽用临时配制将继续在为兽医患者提供最佳治疗方面发挥重要作用。
