Michod Gagnier Kristin, Dickinson Christopher A, Intraub Helene
a Department of Psychology , University of Delaware , Newark , DE , USA.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2013;66(11):2161-86. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2013.775595. Epub 2013 Apr 3.
Observers frequently remember seeing more of a scene than was shown (boundary extension). Does this reflect a lack of eye fixations to the boundary region? Single-object photographs were presented for 14-15 s each. Main objects were either whole or slightly cropped by one boundary, creating a salient marker of boundary placement. All participants expected a memory test, but only half were informed that boundary memory would be tested. Participants in both conditions made multiple fixations to the boundary region and the cropped region during study. Demonstrating the importance of these regions, test-informed participants fixated them sooner, longer, and more frequently. Boundary ratings (Experiment 1) and border adjustment tasks (Experiments 2-4) revealed boundary extension in both conditions. The error was reduced, but not eliminated, in the test-informed condition. Surprisingly, test knowledge and multiple fixations to the salient cropped region, during study and at test, were insufficient to overcome boundary extension on the cropped side. Results are discussed within a traditional visual-centric framework versus a multisource model of scene perception.
观察者常常记得看到的场景比实际展示的更多（边界扩展）。这是否反映出对边界区域缺乏注视？每次呈现单物体照片14 - 15秒。主要物体要么完整，要么被一条边界轻微裁剪，从而形成边界位置的显著标记。所有参与者都预期会有记忆测试，但只有一半被告知会测试边界记忆。在研究过程中，两种条件下的参与者都对边界区域和裁剪区域进行了多次注视。通过告知测试的参与者更早、更长时间且更频繁地注视这些区域，证明了这些区域的重要性。边界评分（实验1）和边界调整任务（实验2 - 4）在两种条件下均显示出边界扩展。在告知测试的条件下，误差有所减小，但并未消除。令人惊讶的是，在研究和测试期间，测试知识以及对显著裁剪区域的多次注视不足以克服裁剪一侧的边界扩展。我们在传统的以视觉为中心的框架与场景感知的多源模型中对结果进行了讨论。
