Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute for Inhalation Biology, D-85758 Neuherberg/Munich, Germany.
J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2013 Apr;26(2):101-19. doi: 10.1089/jamp.2011.0965.
Rats are frequently used to study the pharmacological and toxicological effects of inhaled aerosol particles. The deposition behavior of aerosol particles in airways is affected by their hygroscopic properties, which accordingly influence the results of such studies.
A recently published nonhygroscopic aerosol particle deposition model for rat airways was extended with equations for hygroscopic particle growth in humid air and with a model to mimic the temperature and relative humidity conditions in the rat airways transformed from the upper human airways. As there are no experimental data available for hygroscopic deposition in rat lungs, several model assumptions were made for the humidity distribution in the upper rat airways.
The total and regional deposition probability of salt particles in the diameter range 0.02 to 5 μm in rat lung was significantly changed by the hygroscopic properties. The maximum ratios of the total deposition of inhaled initially dry sodium chloride, cobalt chloride, and zinc sulfate particles compared with nonhygroscopic particles were 3.28, 2.44, and 2.13, respectively, and the minimum ratios 0.57, 0.63, and 0.70, respectively. The corresponding maximum (and minimum) ratios for the hygroscopic drugs histamine dihydrochloride, carbenicillin disodium, and atropine sulfate were 1.86 (0.65), 1.53 (0.70), and 1.35 (0.76), respectively. Total deposition was about 20% higher in human airways than in rat airways. The flow regime in the rat upper airways influenced total and regional deposition much less than it did in human airways.
The hygroscopicity of salt and drug aerosol particles is an important factor in rat lung deposition.
大鼠常用于研究吸入气溶胶颗粒的药理学和毒理学效应。气溶胶颗粒在气道中的沉积行为受其吸湿性影响，这相应地影响了此类研究的结果。
本文扩展了最近发表的大鼠气道非吸湿性气溶胶颗粒沉积模型，增加了在潮湿空气中吸湿颗粒生长的方程，以及一个模仿从人类上气道转化而来的大鼠气道中温度和相对湿度条件的模型。由于大鼠肺部的吸湿性沉积没有实验数据，因此对上气道中的湿度分布做出了一些模型假设。
盐颗粒在 0.02 至 5μm 直径范围内的总沉积和区域沉积概率因吸湿性而发生显著变化。与非吸湿性颗粒相比，最初干燥的氯化钠、氯化钴和硫酸锌吸入颗粒的总沉积的最大比值分别为 3.28、2.44 和 2.13，最小比值分别为 0.57、0.63 和 0.70。相应的吸湿药物盐酸组织胺二盐酸盐、羧苄青霉素二钠盐和硫酸阿托品的最大（和最小）比值分别为 1.86（0.65）、1.53（0.70）和 1.35（0.76）。在人类气道中的总沉积比在大鼠气道中的沉积高约 20%。在大鼠上气道中，流动状态对总沉积和区域沉积的影响远小于在人类气道中。
盐和药物气溶胶颗粒的吸湿性是大鼠肺部沉积的一个重要因素。
