淡水螺类光滑双脐螺的葡萄糖耐量比较研究：饥饿及感染曼氏血吸虫的影响

Comparative glucose tolerance studies in the freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata: influence of starvation and infection with the trematode Schistosoma mansoni.

作者信息

Liebsch M, Becker W

机构信息

Zoologisches Institut und Museum der Universität Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany.

出版信息

J Comp Physiol B. 1990;160(1):41-50. doi: 10.1007/BF00258761.

DOI:10.1007/BF00258761

PMID:2355116

Abstract

The dynamic reactions of B. glabrata on intravasal loads of 20-1000 micrograms glucose.g live fresh wt-1 were studied in standard fed snails (SFS). Starved snails (SS) and snails infected with S. mansoni (IS) were given 100-500 micrograms glucose.g fresh live wt-1. Mean hemolymph glucose level was 12.1 mg.100 ml-1 in SFS. It was not significantly lower in SS (10.7 mg.100 ml-1), but significantly reduced in IS (8.5 mg.100 ml-1). Since hemolymph volumes were significantly increased in SS, the amount of circulating glucose (pool) did not change (75 micrograms.g body weight-1) compared to SFS (62 micrograms.g-1). It was, however, reduced to 41 micrograms.g-1 in IS. In SFS the circulating glucose pool had to be doubled to induce significantly elimination of the injected glucose. Tripled pools were eliminated with half-times of 45 min, whereas lower and higher glucose loads were eliminated significantly slower (half-times: 80-105 min). Glucose tolerance of SS was reduced: half-times were doubled, and metabolization of injected glucose was reduced. Since tissue fresh weights were lowered by 40%, absolute incorporation of 14C from labeled glucose was lowered, but specific incorporation (per mg) was higher than in SFS and IS. Glucose tolerance of IS was increased: metabolic clearance rates rose by 70% and half-times were shortened by 30%, though absolute and specific rates of 14C incorporation were lowered. However, IS lost 25% of the label to the water, whereas SFS lost 12% and SS only lost 8%. Using the antimetabolite 2-deoxyglucose, 80% of the losses proved to be glucose in IS, and 50% in SFS. The present results suggest the existence of a glucostatic regulation in B. glabrata with lower sensitivity and capacity than in mammals. As to glucose tolerance, the often reported parallelism in metabolic shifts induced by starvation and parasitic infection was not confirmed.

摘要

在标准喂食蜗牛（SFS）中研究了光滑双脐螺对20 - 1000微克葡萄糖·克活鲜重⁻¹血管内负荷的动态反应。饥饿蜗牛（SS）和感染曼氏血吸虫的蜗牛（IS）给予100 - 500微克葡萄糖·克鲜活重⁻¹。SFS中平均血淋巴葡萄糖水平为12.1毫克·100毫升⁻¹。SS中该水平虽未显著降低（10.7毫克·100毫升⁻¹），但在IS中显著降低（8.5毫克·100毫升⁻¹）。由于SS中血淋巴体积显著增加，与SFS（62微克·克体重⁻¹）相比，循环葡萄糖量（池）未改变（75微克·克体重⁻¹）。然而，IS中该量降至41微克·克⁻¹。在SFS中，循环葡萄糖池必须翻倍才能显著诱导注入葡萄糖的消除。三倍的葡萄糖池在45分钟的半衰期内被消除，而较低和较高的葡萄糖负荷消除明显较慢（半衰期：80 - 105分钟）。SS的葡萄糖耐受性降低：半衰期加倍，注入葡萄糖的代谢减少。由于组织鲜重降低了40%，标记葡萄糖中¹⁴C的绝对掺入量降低，但每毫克的特定掺入量高于SFS和IS。IS的葡萄糖耐受性增加：代谢清除率提高70%，半衰期缩短30%，尽管¹⁴C掺入的绝对和特定速率降低。然而，IS中有25%的标记物损失到水中，而SFS中为12%，SS中仅为8%。使用抗代谢物2 - 脱氧葡萄糖，在IS中80%的损失被证明是葡萄糖，在SFS中为50%。目前的结果表明光滑双脐螺中存在葡萄糖稳态调节，但其敏感性和能力低于哺乳动物。关于葡萄糖耐受性，饥饿和寄生虫感染诱导的代谢变化中常报道的平行性未得到证实。