School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
Water Sci Technol. 2013;67(7):1634-41. doi: 10.2166/wst.2013.036.
Urban water is facing the challenges of both scarcity and water quality deterioration. Consideration of nonconventional water resources has increasingly become essential over the last decade in urban water resource planning. In addition, rapid urbanization and economic development has led to an increasing uncertain water demand and fragile water infrastructures. Planning of urban water resources is thus in need of not only an integrated consideration of both conventional and nonconventional urban water resources including reclaimed wastewater and harvested rainwater, but also the ability to design under gross future uncertainties for better reliability. This paper developed an integrated nonlinear stochastic optimization model for urban water resource evaluation and planning in order to optimize urban water flows. It accounted for not only water quantity but also water quality from different sources and for different uses with different costs. The model successfully applied to a case study in Beijing, which is facing a significant water shortage. The results reveal how various urban water resources could be cost-effectively allocated by different planning alternatives and how their reliabilities would change.
城市水资源面临着稀缺和水质恶化的双重挑战。在过去十年中，考虑非常规水资源在城市水资源规划中变得越来越重要。此外，快速的城市化和经济发展导致不确定的用水需求和脆弱的水基础设施不断增加。因此，城市水资源规划不仅需要综合考虑包括再生水和雨水收集在内的常规和非常规城市水资源，还需要在总体未来不确定性下进行设计，以提高可靠性。为了优化城市水流，本文开发了一个用于城市水资源评价和规划的综合非线性随机优化模型。该模型不仅考虑了不同来源和用途的水量，还考虑了不同的水质及其成本。该模型成功应用于北京的一个案例研究，北京面临着严重的水资源短缺。结果揭示了不同规划方案如何通过各种城市水资源进行成本效益分配，以及它们的可靠性如何变化。
