DeZee Kent J, Byars Lynn A, Magee Charles D, Rickards Gretchen, Durning Steven J, Maurer Douglas
Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
Fam Med. 2013 Apr;45(4):240-6.
Lifestyle factors influence medical specialty choice, but which specialties are perceived to have the best lifestyles is poorly described in scientific literature. The objective of the study was to determine the rating of specialties by lifestyle.
All fourth-year US medical students with a Department of Defense service obligation who participated in the 2008/2009 military Match were invited to participate in a survey following the Match. The survey listed 18 specialties and asked students to rate the lifestyle of each one on a 9-point scale, and the mean score was used as the rating. Students also listed their specialty choice in the Match.
The response rate was 52%, as 418 of the 797 eligible students responded and provided a rating for at least nine of the 18 specialties. The four specialties rated highest for lifestyle (1--9, with 9 being highest) were dermatology (8.4), radiology (8.1), ophthalmology (8.0), and anesthesia (7.5). The four specialties rated lowest were orthopedics (4.0), neurosurgery (3.1), general surgery (2.6), and obstetrics-gynecology (2.5). Family medicine (5.7) was the top-rated primary care specialty, followed by pediatrics (5.3) and internal medicine (4.7). Students rated the lifestyle of their own specialty only slightly higher (range 0.02 to 1.8) than all other students.
The R.O.A.D. specialties (radiology, ophthalmology, anesthesia, and dermatology) are the top specialties with respect to lifestyle as viewed by current students. Students perceive their own specialty's lifestyle realistically. Research determining why a specialty perceived as having a lower-rated lifestyle is acceptable to some students and not others is needed.
生活方式因素会影响医学专业选择，但科学文献中对哪些专业被认为具有最佳生活方式的描述却很少。本研究的目的是根据生活方式对各专业进行评分。
所有参加2008/2009年军队住院医师匹配计划且有国防部服役义务的美国四年级医学生，在匹配计划结束后被邀请参加一项调查。该调查列出了18个专业，并要求学生以9分制对每个专业的生活方式进行评分，平均分数用作评分结果。学生们还列出了他们在匹配计划中的专业选择。
回复率为52%，797名符合条件的学生中有418名做出回复，并对18个专业中的至少9个进行了评分。生活方式评分最高的四个专业（1 - 9分，9分为最高）是皮肤科（8.4）、放射科（8.1）、眼科（8.0）和麻醉科（7.5）。评分最低的四个专业是骨科（4.0）、神经外科（3.1）、普通外科（2.6）和妇产科（2.5）。家庭医学（5.7）是评分最高的初级保健专业，其次是儿科（5.3）和内科（4.7）。学生对自己所选专业生活方式的评分仅比其他所有学生略高（范围为0.02至1.8）。
从当前学生的角度来看，“ROAD”专业（放射科、眼科、麻醉科和皮肤科）在生活方式方面是排名靠前的专业。学生对自己所选专业的生活方式有现实的认知。需要开展研究来确定为什么某些学生能接受被认为生活方式评分较低的专业，而另一些学生则不能。
