Department of Angiology, Chair of Anatomy, Medical University of Łódź, 90-136, Łódź, Narutowicza 60, Poland.
Clin Anat. 2013 Nov;26(8):933-43. doi: 10.1002/ca.22231. Epub 2013 Mar 28.
The vertebral artery (VA) acts as a foundation for the posterior circulation of the head and neck. It presents a number of anomalies that can be easily visualized thanks to modern imaging techniques, such as MR and CT angiography or color Doppler ulrasonography. Determining the appropriate terminology for those anomalies can be sometimes more challenging than their recognition. One particular challenge concerns the differentiation between VA fenestration and duplication. Because of the different clinical prognoses associated with those anomalies, confusion should be avoided. Knowledge of the morphological anomalies associated with the VA is important for both radiologists and head and neck surgeons, because any injury to the VA can result in a threat to the vascular supply of the brain stem, the cerebral or cerebellar hemispheres, the thalamus, cervical nerve roots and particularly the lateral medulla (Wallenberg's syndrome). This article analyses world literature concerning the issue of VA fenestration and duplication to facilitate a differential diagnosis.
椎动脉（VA）是头颈部后循环的基础。由于现代成像技术，如磁共振和 CT 血管造影或彩色多普勒超声，这些血管很容易出现异常。确定这些异常的适当术语有时比识别它们更具挑战性。一个特别的挑战是区分椎动脉窗和重复。由于这些异常与不同的临床预后相关，因此应避免混淆。了解与 VA 相关的形态异常对于放射科医生和头颈部外科医生都很重要，因为 VA 的任何损伤都可能导致脑干、大脑或小脑半球、丘脑、颈神经根，特别是外侧髓质（瓦伦贝格综合征）的血管供应受到威胁。本文分析了有关 VA 窗和重复的世界文献，以促进鉴别诊断。
