Worley Julie, Hall Joanne M
University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, USA.
Res Theory Nurs Pract. 2012;26(4):262-78. doi: 10.1891/1541-6577.26.4.262.
Prescription drug abuse is a significant problem in the United States that poses a serious health risk to Americans and is therefore significant to the field of nursing. The prescription drugs that are designated in the United States as having abuse potential are called controlled or scheduled drugs. The most common types of abused prescription drugs are benzodiazepines prescribed for anxiety, opioids prescribed for pain, and stimulants prescribed for attention deficit disorder. These prescription drugs are abused by taking larger doses than prescribed for nonmedical use to achieve a high or euphoric feeling, or are sold illicitly for profit. In 2009, there were 2.4 million nonmedical users of prescription opioids in the United States. These prescription drugs are often obtained by seeing multiple prescribers, often under false pretenses or with complicity from the prescribers that leads to abuse and illicit sales. The term doctor shopping has been used not only to refer to this phenomenon but has also had other meanings throughout the past decades. Thus, concept analysis is the focus of this article for clarification using the Walker and Avant method. Health implications and suggestions for minimizing doctor shopping are included.
处方药滥用在美国是一个重大问题，对美国人构成严重的健康风险，因此对护理领域意义重大。在美国，被认定有滥用潜力的处方药被称为管制或列入表的药物。最常被滥用的处方药类型包括用于治疗焦虑的苯二氮䓬类药物、用于止痛的阿片类药物以及用于治疗注意力缺陷障碍的兴奋剂。这些处方药被滥用的方式包括：为了获得兴奋或欣快感而服用超过规定剂量的非医疗用途药物，或者非法出售以获利。2009年，美国有240万非医疗用途的处方阿片类药物使用者。这些处方药往往是通过看多个开处方者获得的，通常是通过虚假借口或开处方者的共谋，从而导致滥用和非法销售。“找医生开药”这个词不仅用来指代这种现象，在过去几十年里还有其他含义。因此，本文重点运用沃克和阿旺特的方法进行概念分析以澄清这一现象。文中还包括了对健康的影响以及减少找医生开药行为的建议。
