Shroff Zubin C, Murthy Seema, Rao Krishna D
Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India.
Indian J Community Med. 2013 Jan;38(1):27-32. doi: 10.4103/0970-0218.106624.
Attracting doctors to rural posts is an ongoing challenge for health departments across different states in India. One strategy adopted by several states to make rural service attractive for medical graduates is to reserve post-graduate (PG) seats in medical colleges for doctors serving in the public sector.
This study examines the PG reservation scheme in Andhra Pradesh to understand its role in improving rural recruitment of doctors and specialists, the challenges faced by the scheme and how it can be strengthened.
Qualitative case study methodology was adopted in which a variety of stakeholders such as government officials, health systems managers and serving Medical Officers were interviewed. This was supplemented with quantitative data on the scheme obtained from the Health, Medical and Family Welfare Department in Andhra Pradesh.
The PG reservation scheme appears to have been one of the factors responsible in attracting doctors to the public sector and to rural posts, with a reduction in vacancies at both the Primary Health Centre and Community Health Centre levels. Expectedly, in-service candidates have a better chance of getting a PG seat than general candidates. However, problems such as the mismatch of the demand and supply of certain types of specialist doctors, poor academic performance of in-service candidates as well as quality of services and enforcement of the post-PG bond need to be resolved.
The PG reservation scheme is a powerful incentive to attract doctors to rural areas. However, better monitoring of service quality, strategically aligning PG training through the scheme with the demand for specialists as well as stricter enforcement of the financial bond are required to improve the scheme's effectiveness.
吸引医生到农村岗位工作，对印度不同邦的卫生部门来说，一直是一项挑战。几个邦采取的一项策略是，为在公共部门服务的医生预留医学院校的研究生（PG）名额，以使农村服务对医学毕业生具有吸引力。
本研究考察了安得拉邦的研究生预留计划，以了解其在改善农村地区医生和专科医生招聘方面的作用、该计划面临的挑战以及如何加强该计划。
采用定性案例研究方法，采访了政府官员、卫生系统管理人员和在职医务人员等各类利益相关者。并补充了从安得拉邦卫生、医学和家庭福利部获得的该计划的定量数据。
研究生预留计划似乎是吸引医生进入公共部门和农村岗位的因素之一，初级卫生中心和社区卫生中心层面的空缺率有所下降。不出所料，在职候选人比普通候选人获得研究生名额的机会更大。然而，某些类型专科医生的供需不匹配、在职候选人学业表现不佳以及研究生毕业后服务质量和保证金执行等问题仍需解决。
研究生预留计划是吸引医生到农村地区的有力激励措施。然而，需要更好地监测服务质量，通过该计划使研究生培训在战略上与专科医生需求相匹配，并更严格地执行财务保证金，以提高该计划的有效性。
