Paroxysmal arousals during sleep.

Six patients complained of distressing sudden awakenings with abnormal motor activity during sleep causing insomnia. Polysomnography showed paroxysmal short-lasting arousals during NREM, especially slow-wave sleep, associated with complex movements and autonomic activation. Ictal and interictal EEG never showed epileptic discharges except in 1 patient who also had a tonic-clonic seizure during sleep. Carbamazepine was the only effective medication in 2 patients. Paroxysmal arousals represent a sleep disturbance that may be related to deep epileptic foci.