Garg G, Khadgwat R, Khandelwal D, Gupta N
Department of Endocrinology, All India Institue of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Dec;16(Suppl 2):S423-5. doi: 10.4103/2230-8210.104116.
Vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent across the globe. This has lead to widespread use of vitamin D supplements in populations. We present our experience of vitamin D toxicity in a subject resulting in hypercalcemia and CHB (Complete Heart Block). A 70-year-old female, known hypertensive for thirty five years and diabetic for seven years underwent total knee replacement (TKR) for osteoarthritis left knee in December 2010. For perioperative glycemic control, multiple subcutaneous injections of insulin were advised. Patient later presented with poor glycemic control, decreased appetite and constipation for last 1 month with history of episodes of transient loss of consciousness for 15 days and recurrent vomiting. Biochemical work-up showed hypercalcemia (Serum calcium 12.4 mg/dL). Sr. albumin, ALP, Sr. phosphorus and PTH levels were normal, thus suggesting PTH independent hypercalcemia. Strong suspicion led us to check vitamin D levels in dilution which were 2016 ng/mL, thus confirming vitamin D toxicity. Retrospective analysis of treatment history revealed patient receiving 4 injections of Architol (6 Lac units im) prior to presentation. Work-up for malignancy was negative, brain imaging and EEG were normal. Holter was suggestive of intermittent CHB. Patient was given hydration, injection calcitonin 100 I.U. subcutaneously, injection pamidronate 60 mg infusion, with serum calcium levels normalizing, with relief in constipation, vomiting and behavioral improvement. However, persistence of rhythm disturbances led to permanent pacemaker placement. The present case highlights the dangers of indiscriminate vitamin D usage, exposing patients to potentially life threatening complications.
维生素D缺乏在全球广泛流行。这导致人群中广泛使用维生素D补充剂。我们报告了一例因维生素D中毒导致高钙血症和完全性心脏传导阻滞的病例。一名70岁女性,有35年高血压病史和7年糖尿病病史,于2010年12月因左膝骨关节炎接受了全膝关节置换术(TKR)。为进行围手术期血糖控制,建议多次皮下注射胰岛素。患者后来出现血糖控制不佳、食欲减退和便秘达1个月,有15天短暂意识丧失发作史及反复呕吐。生化检查显示高钙血症(血清钙12.4mg/dL)。血清白蛋白、碱性磷酸酶、血清磷和甲状旁腺激素水平正常,提示甲状旁腺激素非依赖性高钙血症。强烈怀疑促使我们检测稀释后的维生素D水平,结果为2016ng/mL,从而确诊维生素D中毒。对治疗史的回顾性分析显示,患者在就诊前接受了4次阿法骨化醇注射(60万单位,肌肉注射)。恶性肿瘤检查为阴性,脑部影像学检查和脑电图正常。动态心电图提示间歇性完全性心脏传导阻滞。给予患者补液、皮下注射降钙素100IU、静脉输注帕米膦酸二钠60mg,血清钙水平恢复正常,便秘、呕吐缓解,行为改善。然而,节律紊乱持续存在,导致永久性起搏器植入。本病例突出了滥用维生素D的危险性,使患者面临潜在的危及生命的并发症。