Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA.
Laryngoscope. 2013 Aug;123(8):1865-75. doi: 10.1002/lary.24039. Epub 2013 Apr 8.
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The number of women in medicine has increased considerably over the past 3 decades, and they now comprise approximately half of medical school matriculants. We examine whether gender disparities in research productivity are present throughout various specialties and compare these findings to those previously described among otolaryngologists.
Bibliometric analysis.
Research productivity, measured by the h-index, was calculated for 9,952 academic physicians representing 34 medical specialties. Additionally, trends in how rate of research productivity changed throughout different career stages were compared.
Women were underrepresented at the level of professor and in positions of departmental leadership relative to their representation among assistant and associate professors. Male faculty had statistically higher research productivity both overall (H = 10.3 ± 0.14 vs. 5.6 ± 0.14) and at all academic ranks. For the overall sample, men and women appeared to have equivalent rates of research productivity. In internal medicine, men had higher early-career productivity, while female faculty had productivity equaling and even surpassing that of their male colleagues beyond 20 to 25 years. Men and women had equivalent productivity in surgical specialties throughout their careers, and similar rates in pediatrics until 25 to 30 years.
Female academic physicians have decreased research productivity relative to men, which may be one factor contributing to their underrepresentation at the level of professor and departmental leader relative to their proportions in junior academic ranks. Potential explanations may include fewer woman physicians in the age groups during which higher academic ranks are attained, greater family responsibilities, and greater involvement in clinical service and educational contributions.
目的/假设：在过去的 30 年中，医学领域的女性人数大幅增加，现在约占医学院校入学人数的一半。我们研究了在不同专业领域是否存在研究生产力方面的性别差异，并将这些发现与耳鼻喉科医生之前描述的发现进行了比较。
文献计量分析。
研究生产力由 h 指数衡量，共对 9952 名代表 34 个医学专业的学术医生进行了计算。此外，还比较了不同职业阶段研究生产力变化率的趋势。
与助理教授和副教授相比，女性在教授级别和系领导职位的代表性不足。男性教员的整体研究生产力（H = 10.3 ± 0.14 与 5.6 ± 0.14）和所有学术级别都具有统计学上的更高生产力。对于整个样本，男性和女性的研究生产力似乎具有相同的速率。在内科学中，男性在早期职业阶段的生产力更高，而女性教员在 20 到 25 年之后的生产力与男性同事相当，甚至超过了他们。在外科专业中，男性和女性在整个职业生涯中都具有相同的生产力，在儿科专业中，这种情况一直持续到 25 到 30 年。
与男性相比，女性学术医生的研究生产力较低，这可能是导致其在教授级别和系领导职位上的代表性低于初级学术职位的原因之一。潜在的解释可能包括在获得更高学术职位的年龄段中女性医生人数较少、家庭责任更大、以及更多地参与临床服务和教育贡献。
