Literák Ivan, Heneberg Petr, Sitko Jiljí, Wetzel Eric J, Cardenas Callirgos Jorge Manuel, Čapek Miroslav, Valle Basto Daniel, Papoušek Ivo
Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého 1-3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
Parasitol Int. 2013 Aug;62(4):390-6. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2013.04.001. Epub 2013 Apr 6.
Until now, four species of eye trematodes have been found in South America. Of them, Philophthalmus lucipetus (synonymized with Philophthalmus gralli) displays a broad host spectrum, with at least 30 bird species (prevalently large water birds), five mammal species and humans serving as definitive hosts, and with snails Fagotia (Microcolpia) acicularis, Amphimelania holandri, Melanopsis praemorsa and Melanoides tuberculata serving as intermediate hosts. When examining a total of 50 birds of ten species in the wetland of Pantanos de Villa, Lima, Peru in July 2011, eye trematodes were identified visually in the edematous conjunctival sac of 11 (48%) out of 23 resident many-colored rush tyrants Tachuris rubrigastra. Based on morphometric characteristics, the trematodes were identified as P. lucipetus. ITS2 and CO1 gene of the examined specimens combined showed a 99% similarity to an Iranian isolate of Philophthalmus sp. from the intermediate host Melanoides tuberculata, an invasive freshwater snail, suggesting that these two isolates represent the same species with a wide geographical range. Moreover, the prevalence of infection with the philophthalmid cercariae was 31% in 744 Melanoides tuberculata examined in Pantanos de Villa in 2010. It is evident that P. lucipetus occurs throughout the world as well as locally, including Eurasia and South America. Here we report this trematode for the first time in Peru, and we were the first to sequence any of the South American eye trematodes. Low host specificity of P. lucipetus and the invasive character of Melanoides tuberculata as a competent intermediate host suggest that eye trematodosis caused by P. lucipetus may emerge frequently in various parts of the world, especially in the tropics. Increase of the zoonotic potential of the P. lucipetus associated with this invasive snail spreading across the world is predictable and should be of interest for further research.
到目前为止，在南美洲已发现四种眼部吸虫。其中，卢氏嗜眼吸虫（现与格拉氏嗜眼吸虫同义）宿主谱广泛，至少有30种鸟类（主要是大型水鸟）、5种哺乳动物和人类作为终末宿主，而针状法戈蜗牛（微缩螺属）、荷兰两栖扁卷螺、前凹黑螺和瘤拟黑螺作为中间宿主。2011年7月，在秘鲁利马的比利亚沼泽湿地对10种共50只鸟类进行检查时，在23只当地多色苇霸鹟的水肿结膜囊中肉眼鉴定出眼部吸虫，其中11只（48%）感染。根据形态特征，这些吸虫被鉴定为卢氏嗜眼吸虫。所检查标本的ITS2和CO1基因与来自中间宿主瘤拟黑螺（一种入侵淡水螺）的伊朗嗜眼吸虫分离株显示出99%的相似性，表明这两个分离株代表地理分布广泛的同一物种。此外，2010年在比利亚沼泽对744只瘤拟黑螺进行检查时，嗜眼吸虫尾蚴的感染率为31%。显然，卢氏嗜眼吸虫在全球以及当地都有分布，包括欧亚大陆和南美洲。在此我们首次在秘鲁报告这种吸虫，并且我们是首个对任何南美洲眼部吸虫进行测序的。卢氏嗜眼吸虫宿主特异性低以及瘤拟黑螺作为合适中间宿主的入侵特性表明，由卢氏嗜眼吸虫引起的眼部吸虫病可能在世界各地区频繁出现，尤其是在热带地区。与这种入侵螺在全球传播相关的卢氏嗜眼吸虫人畜共患病潜力增加是可预测的，值得进一步研究。
