Shaefer Jeffry R, Holland Nicole, Whelan Julia S, Velly Ana Miriam
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Dent Clin North Am. 2013 Apr;57(2):233-62. doi: 10.1016/j.cden.2013.02.005.
Gender is the biggest risk factor in the development of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and orofacial pain. Gender differences in pain thresholds, temporal summation, pain expectations, and somatic awareness exist in patients with chronic TMD or orofacial pain. There are gender differences in pharmacokenetics and pharmacodynamics of medications used to treat pain. A better understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to the increased incidence and persistence of chronic pain in females is needed. Future research will elucidate the sex effects on factors that protect against developing pain or prevent debilitating pain. Gender-based treatments for TMD and orofacial pain treatment will evolve from the translational research stimulated by this knowledge.
性别是颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD）和口面部疼痛发生发展的最大风险因素。慢性TMD或口面部疼痛患者在疼痛阈值、时间总和、疼痛预期和躯体感觉方面存在性别差异。用于治疗疼痛的药物在药代动力学和药效动力学方面也存在性别差异。需要更好地了解导致女性慢性疼痛发病率增加和持续存在的机制。未来的研究将阐明性别对预防疼痛发生或防止疼痛致残因素的影响。基于性别的TMD和口面部疼痛治疗将从这一知识激发的转化研究中发展而来。
