Sport Performance Research Inst of New Zealand, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2014 Jan;9(1):133-8. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2013-0014. Epub 2013 Apr 9.
There is a need for fair measures of country sport performance that include athletes who do not win medals.
To develop a measure of country performance based on athlete ranks in the sport of swimming.
Annual top-150 ranks in Olympic pool-swimming events were downloaded for 1990 through 2011. For each athlete of a given rank, a score representing the athlete's performance potential was estimated as the proportion of athletes of that rank who ever achieved top rank. A country's scores were calculated by summing its athletes' scores over all 32 events. Reliability and convergent validity were assessed via year-to-year correlations and correlations with medal counts at major competitions. The method was also applied to ranks at the 2012 Olympics to evaluate countries' swimming performance.
The performance score of an athlete of a given rank was closely approximated by 1/rank. This simpler score has 1 practical interpretation: An athlete ranked 7th (for example) has a chance of 1/7 of ever achieving top rank; for purposes of evaluating country performance, 7 such athletes are equivalent to 1 athlete of the top rank. Country scores obtained by summing 1/rank of the country's athletes had high reliability and validity. This approach produced scores for 168 countries at the Olympics, whereas only 17 countries won medals.
The authors used the sport of swimming to develop a fair and inclusive measure representing a country's performance potential. This measure should be suitable for assessing countries in any sports with world rankings or with athletes at major competitions.
需要有公平的衡量国家体育表现的指标，包括那些没有获得奖牌的运动员。
开发一种基于游泳运动中运动员排名的国家表现衡量指标。
下载了 1990 年至 2011 年期间奥林匹克游泳池游泳项目的前 150 名年度排名。对于给定排名的每个运动员，根据该排名的运动员中曾经获得过最高排名的比例，估计一个代表运动员表现潜力的得分。一个国家的得分是通过将其所有 32 项赛事的运动员得分相加来计算的。通过年度相关性和与重大比赛奖牌数的相关性来评估可靠性和收敛有效性。该方法还应用于 2012 年奥运会的排名，以评估各国的游泳表现。
给定排名的运动员的表现得分非常接近 1/排名。这个更简单的得分有 1 个实际解释：排名第 7 位（例如）的运动员有 1/7 的机会获得最高排名；为了评估国家表现，7 名这样的运动员相当于 1 名最高排名的运动员。通过将国家运动员的 1/排名相加得到的国家得分具有很高的可靠性和有效性。这种方法在奥运会上为 168 个国家产生了得分，而只有 17 个国家获得了奖牌。
作者利用游泳运动开发了一种公平和包容的衡量指标，代表了一个国家的表现潜力。该指标应适用于评估任何具有世界排名或在重大比赛中有运动员的国家。
