Cardiovascular Sciences Research Centre, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2013 Oct;27(5):689-97. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.03.003. Epub 2013 Apr 12.
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Since 1984, the total number of deaths from cardiovascular disease has been greater for women compared with men. This might be, in part, related to gender-specific differences in the presentation of people with chest pain but, importantly, the risk of heart disease in women is often underestimated owing to the misperception that women are 'protected' against cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown that medical services are underused, delays occur in health-care seeking behaviour, resource use patterns are less intensive, and it takes longer to diagnose women compared with men. This often leads to less aggressive treatment strategies which, in turn, may translate into poorer outcomes compared with those in men. In this chapter, we review the gender-specific differences in epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of people with ischaemic heart disease, and focus particularly on the effect of ageing and menopause in ischaemic heart disease.
心血管疾病是全球范围内主要的致死原因之一。自 1984 年以来，女性因心血管疾病导致的死亡总数高于男性。这可能部分与胸痛患者的性别特异性差异有关，但重要的是，由于人们错误地认为女性可以免受心血管疾病的影响，女性患心脏病的风险往往被低估。研究表明，女性对医疗服务的利用率较低，在寻求医疗保健方面存在延迟，资源利用模式不那么密集，与男性相比，女性的诊断时间更长。这通常导致治疗策略不够积极，进而可能导致与男性相比更差的结果。在本章中，我们回顾了在流行病学、诊断和管理方面，缺血性心脏病患者的性别特异性差异，并特别关注了年龄增长和绝经对缺血性心脏病的影响。
