Health Law and Ethics, Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, Arizona State University, AZ, USA.
J Law Med Ethics. 2013 Mar;41 Suppl 1:50-5. doi: 10.1111/jlme.12039.
Public health emergencies implicate difficult decisions among medical and emergency first responders about how to allocate essential resources. While various actors have proffered approaches on how to make these tough choices, meaningful guidance on shifting standards of care in major emergencies remained lacking. In March 2012, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) released additional guidance to assist facilities and practitioners to address scarce resource allocation through the development of "crisis standards of care" in catastrophes. As discussed in the article, identifying and resolving of complex practical, ethical, and legal challenges underlying real-time implementation of these standards are indispensable to protecting the public's health.
公共卫生紧急情况涉及到医疗和紧急救援人员之间的艰难决策，即如何分配基本资源。虽然各种行为者都提出了如何做出这些艰难选择的方法，但在重大紧急情况下改变护理标准的有意义的指导仍然缺乏。2012 年 3 月，美国医学研究所 (IOM) 发布了额外的指导意见，以通过在灾难中制定“危机护理标准”来帮助设施和从业人员解决稀缺资源分配问题。正如文章中所讨论的，在实时实施这些标准的过程中，确定和解决复杂的实际、伦理和法律挑战对于保护公众健康是必不可少的。
