Milburn P D
Department of Human Movement Science, University of Wollongong, Australia.
J Sports Sci. 1990 Spring;8(1):47-60. doi: 10.1080/02640419008732130.
Two rugby union forward packs of differing ability levels were examined during scrummaging against an instrumented scrum machine. By systematically moving the front-row of the scrum along the scrum machine, kinetic data on each front-row forward could be obtained under all test conditions. Each forward pack was tested under the following scrummaging combinations: front-row only; front-row plus second-row; full scrum minus side-row, and full scrum. Data obtained from each scrum included the three orthogonal components of force at engagement and the sustained force applied by each front-row player. An estimate of sub-unit contributions was made by subtracting the total forward force on all three front-row players from the total for the complete scrum. Results indicated the primary role of the second-row appeared to be application of forward force. The back-row ('number eight') forward did not substantially contribute any additional forward force, and added only slightly to the lateral and vertical shear force experienced by the front-row. The side-row contributed an additional 20-27% to the forward force, but at the expense of increased vertical forces on all front-row forwards. Results of this investigation are discussed in relation to rule modification, rule interpretation and coaching.
在与一台装有仪器的争球机进行争球时，对两组能力水平不同的英式橄榄球联盟前锋阵容进行了检查。通过沿着争球机系统地移动争球的前排球员，可以在所有测试条件下获得每个前排前锋的动力学数据。每个前锋阵容在以下争球组合下进行测试：仅前排；前排加第二排；完整争球减去边排，以及完整争球。从每次争球中获得的数据包括接触时力的三个正交分量以及每个前排球员施加的持续力。通过从完整争球的总力中减去所有三名前排球员的总向前力来估算子单元的贡献。结果表明，第二排的主要作用似乎是施加向前力。后排（“八号位”）前锋并没有显著贡献任何额外的向前力，只是略微增加了前排所承受的横向和垂直剪切力。边排向前力贡献了额外的20 - 27%，但代价是所有前排前锋所承受的垂直力增加。结合规则修改、规则解释和教练指导对本次调查结果进行了讨论。
