木犀草素是一种新型的p90核糖体S6激酶(RSK)抑制剂,它通过阻断Y盒结合蛋白1(YB-1)的激活来抑制Notch4信号通路。

Luteolin is a novel p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) inhibitor that suppresses Notch4 signaling by blocking the activation of Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1).

作者信息

Reipas Kristen M, Law Jennifer H, Couto Nicole, Islam Sumaiya, Li Yvonne, Li Huifang, Cherkasov Artem, Jung Karen, Cheema Amarpal S, Jones Steven J M, Hassell John A, Dunn Sandra E

机构信息

Laboratory for Oncogenomic Research, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

出版信息

Oncotarget. 2013 Feb;4(2):329-45. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.834.

Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are notoriously difficult to treat because they lack hormone receptors and have limited targeted therapies. Recently, we demonstrated that p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) is essential for TNBC growth and survival indicating it as a target for therapeutic development. RSK phosphorylates Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1), an oncogenic transcription/translation factor, highly expressed in TNBC (~70% of cases) and associated with poor prognosis, drug resistance and tumor initiation. YB-1 regulates the tumor-initiating cell markers, CD44 and CD49f however its role in Notch signaling has not been explored. We sought to identify novel chemical entities with RSK inhibitory activity. The Prestwick Chemical Library of 1120 off-patent drugs was screened for RSK inhibitors using both in vitro kinase assays and molecular docking. The lead candidate, luteolin, inhibited RSK1 and RSK2 kinase activity and suppressed growth in TNBC, including TIC-enriched populations. Combining luteolin with paclitaxel increased cell death and unlike chemotherapy alone, did not enrich for CD44(+) cells. Luteolin's efficacy against drug-resistant cells was further indicated in the primary x43 cell line, where it suppressed monolayer growth and mammosphere formation. We next endeavored to understand how the inhibition of RSK/YB-1 signaling by luteolin elicited an effect on TIC-enriched populations. ChIP-on-ChIP experiments in SUM149 cells revealed a 12-fold enrichment of YB-1 binding to the Notch4 promoter. We chose to pursue this because there are several reports indicating that Notch4 maintains cells in an undifferentiated, TIC state. Herein we report that silencing YB-1 with siRNA decreased Notch4 mRNA. Conversely, transient expression of Flag:YB-1(WT) or the constitutively active mutant Flag:YB-1(D102) increased Notch4 mRNA. The levels of Notch4 transcript and the abundance of the Notch4 intracellular domain (N4ICD) correlated with activation of P-RSK(S221/7) and P-YB-1(S102) in a panel of TNBC cell lines. Silencing YB-1 or RSK reduced Notch4 mRNA and this corresponded with loss of N4ICD. Likewise, the RSK inhibitors, luteolin and BI-D1870, suppressed P-YB-1(S102) and thereby reduced Notch4. In conclusion, inhibiting the RSK/YB-1 pathway with luteolin is a novel approach to blocking Notch4 signaling and as such provides a means of inhibiting TICs.

摘要

三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)因其缺乏激素受体且靶向治疗有限,故而治疗难度极大。近期,我们证实p90核糖体S6激酶(RSK)对TNBC的生长和存活至关重要,表明它可作为治疗开发的靶点。RSK使Y盒结合蛋白1(YB-1)磷酸化,YB-1是一种致癌转录/翻译因子,在TNBC中高表达(约70%的病例),并与预后不良、耐药性和肿瘤起始相关。YB-1调节肿瘤起始细胞标志物CD44和CD49f,但其在Notch信号通路中的作用尚未得到探索。我们试图鉴定具有RSK抑制活性的新型化学实体。使用体外激酶测定和分子对接,对包含1120种非专利药物的普雷斯蒂克化学文库进行RSK抑制剂筛选。主要候选物木犀草素抑制RSK1和RSK2激酶活性,并抑制TNBC的生长,包括富含肿瘤起始细胞(TIC)的群体。木犀草素与紫杉醇联合使用可增加细胞死亡,且与单独化疗不同的是,不会使CD44(+)细胞富集。木犀草素对耐药细胞的疗效在原代x43细胞系中进一步得到证实,它在该细胞系中抑制单层生长和乳腺球形成。接下来,我们努力了解木犀草素对RSK/YB-1信号通路的抑制如何对富含TIC的群体产生影响。在SUM149细胞中进行的染色质免疫沉淀-芯片(ChIP-on-ChIP)实验显示,YB-1与Notch4启动子的结合富集了12倍。我们选择对此进行深入研究,因为有几份报告表明Notch4可使细胞维持在未分化的TIC状态。在此我们报告,用小干扰RNA(siRNA)沉默YB-1可降低Notch4 mRNA水平。相反,瞬时表达Flag:YB-1(WT)或组成型活性突变体Flag:YB-1(D102)可增加Notch4 mRNA水平。在一组TNBC细胞系中,Notch4转录本水平和Notch4细胞内结构域(N4ICD)的丰度与P-RSK(S221/7)和P-YB-1(S102)的激活相关。沉默YB-1或RSK可降低Notch4 mRNA水平,这与N4ICD的缺失相对应。同样,RSK抑制剂木犀草素和BI-D1870可抑制P-YB-1(S102),从而降低Notch4水平。总之,用木犀草素抑制RSK/YB-1通路是阻断Notch4信号传导的一种新方法,因此提供了一种抑制TIC的手段。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1850/3712578/c9655162d71b/oncotarget-04-329-g001.jpg

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