Faculty of Biology, The Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
Plant Mol Biol. 2013 Aug;82(6):623-33. doi: 10.1007/s11103-013-0038-z. Epub 2013 Apr 18.
The plant senescence syndrome resembles, in many molecular and phenotypic aspects, plant responses to abiotic stresses. Both processes have an enormous negative global agro-economic impact and endanger food security worldwide. Premature plant senescence is the main cause of losses in grain filling and biomass yield due to leaf yellowing and deteriorated photosynthesis, and is also responsible for the losses resulting from the short shelf life of many vegetables and fruits. Under abiotic stress conditions the yield losses are often even greater. The primary challenge in agricultural sciences today is to develop technologies that will increase food production and sustainability of agriculture especially under environmentally limiting conditions. In this chapter, some of the mechanisms involved in abiotic stress-induced plant senescence are discussed. Recent studies have shown that crop yield and nutritional values can be altered as well as plant stress tolerance through manipulating the timing of senescence. It is often difficult to separate the effects of age-dependent senescence from stress-induced senescence since both share many biochemical processes and ultimately result in plant death. The focus of this review is on abiotic stress-induced senescence. Here, a number of the major approaches that have been developed to ameliorate some of the effects of abiotic stress-induced plant senescence are considered and discussed. Some approaches mimic the mechanisms already used by some plants and soil bacteria whereas others are based on development of new improved transgenic plants. While there may not be one simple strategy that can effectively decrease all losses of crop yield that accrue as a consequence of abiotic stress-induced plant senescence, some of the strategies that are discussed already show great promise.
植物衰老综合征在许多分子和表型方面与植物对非生物胁迫的反应相似。这两个过程都对全球农业经济产生了巨大的负面影响，危及了世界范围内的粮食安全。植物过早衰老主要导致籽粒灌浆和生物量产量的损失，原因是叶片黄化和光合作用恶化，还导致许多蔬菜和水果货架期缩短造成的损失。在非生物胁迫条件下，产量损失往往更大。当今农业科学的主要挑战是开发技术，以提高粮食生产和农业的可持续性，特别是在环境限制条件下。在本章中，讨论了非生物胁迫诱导植物衰老的一些机制。最近的研究表明，通过操纵衰老的时间，可以改变作物的产量和营养价值以及植物的胁迫耐受性。由于两者都有许多生化过程，并最终导致植物死亡，因此很难将年龄相关衰老的影响与胁迫诱导衰老的影响分开。本综述的重点是非生物胁迫诱导的衰老。在这里，考虑并讨论了一些已经开发的减轻非生物胁迫诱导植物衰老的一些主要方法。一些方法模拟了一些植物和土壤细菌已经使用的机制，而其他方法则基于开发新的改良转基因植物。虽然可能没有一种简单的策略可以有效地减少由于非生物胁迫诱导的植物衰老而导致的所有作物产量损失，但已经讨论的一些策略已经显示出巨大的前景。
