Katanoda Kota, Jiang Yuan, Park Sohee, Lim Min Kyung, Qiao You-Lin, Inoue Manami
Surveillance Division, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Tob Control. 2014 Jul;23(4):359-68. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050852. Epub 2013 Apr 17.
East Asia is one of the world's largest tobacco epidemic regions. Although several international studies have evaluated the status of tobacco control in this region, the findings have not been integrated with knowledge on domestic activities at the national and municipal levels. We analysed the current tobacco control situation in three East Asian countries, Japan, China and the Republic of Korea, using both international and domestic data sources. We collected data between 2008 and 2011 in each country according to the framework of WHO's MPOWER (Monitoring, Protect, Offer, Warn, Enforcement and Raise) approach for guiding implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Analysis revealed that 37-53% of adult men were current smokers and that smoking prevalence among middle-aged men reached 63%. Less than 20% of male smokers plan to quit and the use of nicotine replacement drugs was 14% at maximum. Forty-six percent or more of men and 20% or more of women were exposed to passive smoking at workplaces and at home, respectively. Many tobacco industry activities remain unrestricted and prevalent. Our findings indicate an urgent need for the following set of policies: raise cigarette prices to increase the quit attempt rate, particularly among adult men; develop a multi-component quitting assistance system to provide adequate assistance for smoking cessation; implement effective smoke-free policies in workplaces and public places to reduce exposure to passive smoking; and rebuild the administrative structure to denormalise tobacco industry activities. The importance of these standard approaches should be reaffirmed by all tobacco control policymakers in East Asia.
东亚是世界上最大的烟草流行地区之一。尽管一些国际研究评估了该地区的烟草控制状况，但研究结果尚未与国家和市级层面的国内活动知识相结合。我们利用国际和国内数据源，分析了日本、中国和韩国这三个东亚国家当前的烟草控制情况。我们根据世界卫生组织的MPOWER（监测、保护、提供、警示、执法和提高）方法框架，于2008年至2011年期间在每个国家收集数据，以指导《世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约》的实施。分析显示，37%至53%的成年男性为当前吸烟者，中年男性的吸烟率达到63%。不到20%的男性吸烟者计划戒烟，尼古丁替代药物的使用率最高为14%。分别有46%以上的男性和20%以上的女性在工作场所和家中接触到被动吸烟。许多烟草行业活动仍然不受限制且普遍存在。我们的研究结果表明迫切需要以下一系列政策：提高香烟价格以提高戒烟尝试率，特别是在成年男性中；建立一个多成分的戒烟援助系统，为戒烟提供充分的帮助；在工作场所和公共场所实施有效的无烟政策，以减少被动吸烟的暴露；重建行政结构，使烟草行业活动正常化。东亚所有烟草控制政策制定者都应重申这些标准方法的重要性。
