Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Cancer Causes Control. 2010 Jun;21(6):959-65. doi: 10.1007/s10552-010-9523-8. Epub 2010 Mar 10.
Tobacco smoking, as a cause of cancer, is common in China. Few studies have been conducted to assess the burden of tobacco-related cancer in the Chinese population.
We calculated the proportion of cancers attributable to tobacco smoking to estimate the burden of tobacco-related cancer. Population attributable fraction was calculated based on the assumption of total avoidance of smoking. Data on smoking prevalence were from two large-scale national surveys of representative samples of the Chinese population. Data on relative risk were derived from the meta-analyses and large-scale studies. Cancer mortality and incidence were originated from the third national death cause survey and cancer registries in China.
We estimated that a total of 405,112 deaths of cancer were attributable to smoking in China in 2005, including 372,264 among men (32.7% of all cancer deaths) and 32,848 among women (5.0%). A total of 495,221 cancer cases were attributable to smoking, including 454,785 among men (30.0% of all cancer cases) and 40,436 among women (3.9%). Involuntary smoking was responsible for 11,507 lung cancer deaths (11.1%) among non-smoking women.
Tobacco smoking is responsible for one-third of the total cancer deaths among men. Involuntary smoking is an important individual risk factor for lung cancer among non-smoking women. There is a need to continue and strengthen tobacco-control programs and initiatives to reduce smoking-related cancer burden in China.
在中国，吸烟是导致癌症的一个常见原因。目前，评估中国人群烟草相关癌症负担的研究较少。
我们计算了归因于烟草的癌症比例，以评估烟草相关癌症的负担。人群归因分数是基于完全避免吸烟的假设计算得出的。吸烟流行率数据来自两项针对中国代表性人群的大型全国调查。相对风险数据来源于荟萃分析和大型研究。癌症死亡率和发病率数据源自第三次全国死因调查和中国癌症登记处。
我们估计，2005 年中国共有 405112 例癌症死亡归因于吸烟，其中男性 372264 例（占所有癌症死亡人数的 32.7%），女性 32848 例（5.0%）。共有 495221 例癌症归因于吸烟，其中男性 454785 例（占所有癌症病例的 30.0%），女性 40436 例（3.9%）。不吸烟的女性中，有 11507 例肺癌死亡归因于被动吸烟（占不吸烟女性肺癌死亡人数的 11.1%）。
吸烟导致中国男性总癌症死亡人数的三分之一。被动吸烟是不吸烟女性患肺癌的一个重要个体危险因素。中国需要继续加强和实施烟草控制计划和举措，以降低烟草相关癌症负担。
