Drugs for Neglected Disease initiative (DNDi) 15, Chemin Louis-Dunant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland.
Vaccine. 2013 Apr 18;31 Suppl 2:B244-9. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.11.080.
Leishmaniasis in many ways offers a unique vaccine case study. Two reasons for this are that leishmaniasis is a disease complex caused by several different species of parasite that are highly related, thus raising the possibility of developing a single vaccine to protect against multiple diseases. Another reason is the demonstration that a leishmaniasis vaccine may be used therapeutically as well as prophylactically. Although there is no registered human leishmaniasis vaccine today, immunization approaches using live or killed organisms, as well as defined vaccine candidates, have demonstrated at least some degree of efficacy in humans to prevent and to treat some forms of leishmaniasis, and there is a vigorous pipeline of candidates in development. Current approaches include using individual or combined antigens of the parasite or of salivary gland extract of the parasites' insect vector, administered with or without formulation in adjuvant. Animal data obtained with several vaccine candidates are promising and some have been or will be entered into clinical testing in the near future. There is sufficient scientific and epidemiological justification to continue to invest in the development of vaccines against leishmaniasis.
利什曼病在很多方面提供了一个独特的疫苗案例研究。有两个原因，一是利什曼病是一种由几种高度相关的寄生虫引起的疾病，这就增加了开发一种单一疫苗来预防多种疾病的可能性。另一个原因是证明利什曼病疫苗不仅可以预防，还可以治疗。尽管目前没有注册的人类利什曼病疫苗，但使用活的或死的生物体以及已定义的疫苗候选物的免疫方法已在人类中证明至少在一定程度上有效，可预防和治疗某些形式的利什曼病，并且有大量候选物正在开发中。目前的方法包括使用寄生虫的单个或组合抗原或寄生虫的昆虫媒介的唾液腺提取物，与佐剂一起或不与佐剂一起给药。用几种疫苗候选物获得的动物数据很有希望，其中一些已经或即将在不久的将来进入临床测试。有充分的科学和流行病学依据继续投资开发利什曼病疫苗。
