Buffet C
Service de gastro-entérologie, hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre.
Rev Prat. 1990 Jun 1;40(16):1454-7.
Cirrhosis is the most common cause of portal hypertension. This disease creates an intrahepatic block, principally by reducing the volume of sinusoids. Clinically, portal hypertension in cirrhosis is characterized by spleen enlargement, collateral venous circulation and the presence of oesophageal or gastric varices; these signs are frequent but not constant. Ultrasonography is used in the evaluation of all patients with portal hypertension. Beside the presence of oesophageal varices at fibroscopy, it is the best morphological exploration method to visualize portal hypertension. Portal hypertension may be complicated by haemorrhages due to rupture of the oesophageal varices and by ascites or encephalopathy, the latter two complications occurring when liver cell degeneration is associated with portal hypertension.
肝硬化是门静脉高压最常见的病因。这种疾病主要通过减少肝血窦的容积，造成肝内阻塞。临床上，肝硬化门静脉高压的特征为脾肿大、侧支静脉循环以及食管或胃静脉曲张；这些体征常见但并非总是出现。超声检查用于评估所有门静脉高压患者。除了纤维内镜检查发现食管静脉曲张外，它是观察门静脉高压的最佳形态学检查方法。门静脉高压可能因食管静脉曲张破裂出血而并发，也可能并发腹水或肝性脑病，后两种并发症在肝细胞变性与门静脉高压并存时发生。
