Kongara K, Chambers J P, Johnson C B, Dukkipati V S R
a Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University , Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
N Z Vet J. 2013 Nov;61(6):349-53. doi: 10.1080/00480169.2013.780280. Epub 2013 Apr 20.
To compare the effects of pre-operatively administered tramadol with those of morphine on electroencephalographic responses to surgery and post-operative pain in dogs undergoing castration.
Dogs undergoing castration were treated with either pre-operative morphine (0.5 mg/kg S/C, n = 8) or tramadol (3 mg/kg S/C, n = 8). All dogs also received 0.05 mg/kg acepromazine and 0.04 mg/kg atropine S/C in addition to the test analgesic. Anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone administered I/V to effect and maintained with halothane in oxygen. Respiratory rate, heart rate, end-tidal halothane tension (EtHal) and end-tidal CO2 tension (EtCO2) were monitored throughout surgery. Electroencephalograms (EEG) were recorded continuously using a three electrode montage. Median frequency (F50), total power (Ptot) and 95% spectral edge frequency (F95) derived from EEG power spectra recorded before skin incision (baseline) were compared with those recorded during ligation of the spermatic cords of both testicles. Post-operatively, pain was assessed after 1, 3, 6 and 9 h using the short form of the Glasgow composite measure pain scale (CMPS-SF).
Dogs premedicated with tramadol had higher mean F50 (12.2 (SD 0.2) Hz) and lower Ptot (130.39 (SD 12.1) µv(2)) compared with those premedicated with morphine (11.5 (SD 0.2) Hz and 161.8 (SD 15.1) µv(2), respectively; p<0.05) during ligation of testicle 1. There were no differences in EEG responses between the two treatment groups during ligation of testicle 2 (p>0.05). The F95 of the EEG did not differ between the two groups during the ligation of either testicle (p > 0.05). Post-operatively, no significant differences in the CMPS-SF score were found between animals premedicated with tramadol and morphine at any time during the post-operative period. No dog required rescue analgesia.
Tramadol and morphine administered pre-operatively provided a similar degree of post-operative analgesia in male dogs at the doses tested.
比较术前给予曲马多和吗啡对去势犬手术期间脑电图反应及术后疼痛的影响。
将接受去势手术的犬分为两组，分别术前给予吗啡（0.5 mg/kg皮下注射，n = 8）或曲马多（3 mg/kg皮下注射，n = 8）。所有犬在给予试验性镇痛药之外，还皮下注射0.05 mg/kg乙酰丙嗪和0.04 mg/kg阿托品。静脉注射硫喷妥钠诱导麻醉，并用氧气中的氟烷维持麻醉。整个手术过程中监测呼吸频率、心率、呼气末氟烷分压（EtHal）和呼气末二氧化碳分压（EtCO2）。使用三电极导联连续记录脑电图（EEG）。将皮肤切开前（基线）记录的EEG功率谱得出的中位频率（F50）、总功率（Ptot）和95%频谱边缘频率（F95）与双侧睾丸精索结扎期间记录的进行比较。术后，在1、3、6和9小时使用格拉斯哥综合疼痛量表简表（CMPS-SF）评估疼痛。
与术前给予吗啡的犬相比，术前给予曲马多的犬在结扎睾丸1期间，平均F50较高（12.2（标准差0.2）Hz），Ptot较低（130.39（标准差12.1）μv(2)）（分别为11.5（标准差0.2）Hz和161.8（标准差15.1）μv(2)；p<0.05）。在结扎睾丸2期间，两组之间的EEG反应无差异（p>0.05）。在结扎任何一侧睾丸期间，两组之间EEG的F95无差异（p > 0.05）。术后，在术后任何时间，术前给予曲马多和吗啡的动物之间CMPS-SF评分均无显著差异。没有犬需要追加镇痛。
在测试剂量下，术前给予曲马多和吗啡在雄性犬中提供了相似程度的术后镇痛效果。
