Charmaz K
Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928.
Soc Sci Med. 1990;30(11):1161-72. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(90)90256-r.
This paper focuses on using the grounded theory method to study social psychological themes which cut across diverse chronic illnesses. The grounded theory method is presented as a method having both phenomenological and positivistic roots, which leads to confusion and misinterpretations of the method. A social constructionist version and application of grounded theory are introduced after brief overviews of the method and of the debates it has engendered are provided. Next, phases in developing concepts and theoretical frameworks through using the grounded theory approach are discussed. These phases include: (1) developing and refining the research and data collection questions, (2) raising terms to concepts, (3) asking more conceptual questions on a generic level and (4) making further discoveries and clarifying concepts through writing and rewriting. Throughout the discussion, examples and illustrations are derived from two recent papers, 'Disclosing Illness' and 'Struggling for a Self: Identity Levels of the Chronically Ill'. Last, the merits of the method for theoretical development are discussed.
本文着重探讨运用扎根理论方法来研究跨越多种慢性疾病的社会心理主题。扎根理论方法被呈现为一种兼具现象学和实证主义根源的方法，这导致了对该方法的混淆和误解。在对该方法及其引发的争论进行简要概述之后，引入了扎根理论的社会建构主义版本及应用。接下来，讨论了通过运用扎根理论方法来发展概念和理论框架的各个阶段。这些阶段包括：（1）制定并完善研究和数据收集问题；（2）将术语提升为概念；（3）在一般层面上提出更多概念性问题；（4）通过写作和重写进一步发现并阐明概念。在整个讨论过程中，示例和说明均取材于两篇近期的论文，《疾病的披露》和《为自我而抗争：慢性病患者的身份层次》。最后，讨论了该方法对于理论发展的优点。
