Division of Intensive Care and Pulmonology, University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Spitalstrasse 33, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
Paediatr Respir Rev. 2013 Jun;14(2):64-9. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2013.02.001. Epub 2013 Apr 16.
Acute respiratory failure is the most common medical emergency in children. One aim of this review is to discuss the physiologic peculiarities that explain the increased vulnerability of infants and children to any pathology affecting the respiratory tract. The other aim is to highlight the importance of history taking and correct physical examination for early recognition of an impending catastrophic progression of respiratory failure. Under most circumstances, correct physical examination alone allows one to pinpoint the cause to a particular part of the respiratory system and to make the appropriate decisions for a proactive and life-saving management of the critically ill child.
急性呼吸衰竭是儿童最常见的急症。本次综述的目的之一是讨论解释婴儿和儿童对任何影响呼吸道的病理变化更加脆弱的生理特点。另一个目的是强调详细询问病史和正确体格检查对早期识别即将发生的呼吸衰竭灾难性进展的重要性。在大多数情况下，仅正确的体格检查就可确定病因在呼吸道的特定部位，并为危重症患儿的积极救命治疗做出适当决策。
