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Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2014 Jan;217(1):52-61. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.03.008. Epub 2013 Mar 27.
Contribution of diet and selected risk factors to the levels of four polyfluorinated compounds was evaluated. Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the years 2003-2008 were used. Dietary factors accounted for 10.4% to 21.2% of the explained variation. Amount of milk consumed was found to be positively associated (p<0.01) with perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) but negatively associated with perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) (p<0.01). Amount of meat and fish consumed was positively associated (p<0.01) with PFNA and PFOS. Amount of non-alcoholic beverages consumed was positively associated (p<0.01) with PFNA and PFOA. Levels of PFOS increased (p<0.01) with increase in the amount of alcoholic beverages consumed. Total amount of alcohol consumed was positively associated (p<0.01) with PFNA. Levels of both PFOA and PFOS decreased with increase in total amount of caffeine consumed. Total amount of fat consumed was negatively associated with PFNA and positively associated with PFOS. Total calories consumed were negatively associated with perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and PFOS but positively associated with PFNA. New to this study, positive correlations (p<0.01) between serum cholesterol and PFNA, PFOA, and PFOS were found. Serum albumin levels were negatively correlated with PFHxS but positively correlated with PFOA and PFOS. Males had statistically significantly higher levels of all four PFCs as compared to females and Mexican Americans had the lowest levels of all four PFCs than other race/ethnic groups. Levels of all four PFCs increased with increase in family income. Body mass index was negatively correlated with PFNA but positively associated with PFOA. There was a statistically significant decrease in the levels of PFOS over survey years 2003-2008.
评估了饮食和选定的风险因素对四种全氟化合物水平的贡献。使用了 2003-2008 年全国健康和营养调查的数据。饮食因素占解释变异的 10.4%至 21.2%。摄入的牛奶量与全氟壬酸（PFNA）呈正相关（p<0.01），但与全氟辛酸（PFOA）和全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）呈负相关（p<0.01）。摄入的肉和鱼量与 PFNA 和 PFOS 呈正相关（p<0.01）。摄入的非酒精饮料量与 PFNA 和 PFOA 呈正相关（p<0.01）。摄入的酒精饮料量增加与 PFOS 水平升高（p<0.01）相关。摄入的酒精总量与 PFNA 呈正相关（p<0.01）。摄入的咖啡因总量增加与 PFOA 和 PFOS 水平降低相关。摄入的总脂肪量与 PFNA 呈负相关，与 PFOS 呈正相关。摄入的总卡路里与全氟己烷磺酸盐（PFHxS）和 PFOS 呈负相关，与 PFNA 呈正相关。本研究的新发现是，血清胆固醇与 PFNA、PFOA 和 PFOS 之间存在正相关（p<0.01）。血清白蛋白水平与 PFHxS 呈负相关，与 PFOA 和 PFOS 呈正相关。与女性相比，男性所有四种 PFC 的水平均显著升高，与其他种族/民族群体相比，墨西哥裔美国人所有四种 PFC 的水平均最低。所有四种 PFC 的水平均随家庭收入的增加而升高。体重指数与 PFNA 呈负相关，但与 PFOA 呈正相关。2003-2008 年调查期间，PFOS 水平呈统计学显著下降。
