Dipartimento di Ingegneria "Enzo Ferrari", Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Vignolese 905/a, 41125 Modena, Italy.
Waste Manag. 2013 Nov;33(11):2307-15. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.03.014. Epub 2013 Apr 18.
In this work the feasibility of using woody agricultural biomass wastes as grapes and cherries seeds, sawdust, as pore forming agent, and sugar cane ash, as silica precursor, in bricks, were reported. Sawdust and grapes and cherries seeds, thanks to their organic substances content, during their combustion, bring an energetic support in the bricks firing phase and act as pore forming agent. Usually the addition of this kind of waste is limited to 10wt.% in order to reach an equilibrium between positive (weight and shrinkage decrease and porosity increase) and negative (increase of water absorption and mechanical resistance decrease) effects. The results show that grapes and cherries seeds, added in a percentage of 5wt.% to a brick formulation, have better influence with respect to the sawdust, maintaining the mechanical properties of the fired brick (950°C), showing modulus of rupture around 21-23MPa with a weight reduction of 3-10% (respect to the standard one). Regarding the sugar cane ash, the addition of 5wt.% improves the mechanical properties (modulus of rupture around 27MPa) and no weight decrease is observed. These results confirmed the role played by this kind of agricultural waste, which thanks to its high silica content (61wt.%) is capable to demonstrate a filler and plasticity reducing effect on the brick bodies. Tests carried out highlighted that the addition of these by-products (5wt.%) do not change negatively the main technological properties measured (water absorption, linear shrinkage, flexural resistance, etc.) and permit to hypothesize their use to obtain bricks with both insulating and higher mechanical properties using a pore agent forming or silica carrier alternative raw materials, respectively.
本工作研究了将木质农业生物质废料（如木屑、葡萄和樱桃种子）用作多孔成型剂，以及将甘蔗灰用作硅源前驱体，来制备砖的可行性。由于木屑和葡萄和樱桃种子含有有机物质，在燃烧过程中会为砖的烧制阶段提供能量支持，并起到多孔成型剂的作用。通常，为了在积极影响（重量和收缩减少以及孔隙率增加）和消极影响（吸水率增加和机械强度降低）之间达到平衡，这种废料的添加量限制在 10wt.%以内。研究结果表明，与木屑相比，在砖配方中添加 5wt.%的葡萄和樱桃种子对砖的机械性能有更好的影响，保持了烧制砖的机械性能（950°C），断裂模数约为 21-23MPa，重量减轻 3-10%（与标准砖相比）。对于甘蔗灰，添加 5wt.%可提高机械性能（断裂模数约为 27MPa），且观察到重量没有减轻。这些结果证实了这种农业废料的作用，由于其高硅含量（61wt.%），它能够在砖体中起到填充和降低塑性的作用。试验结果表明，这些副产物（5wt.%）的添加不会对所测量的主要技术性能（吸水率、线性收缩率、弯曲强度等）产生负面影响，并可以假设使用它们来获得具有隔热和更高机械性能的砖，分别使用多孔成型剂或硅载体替代原料。
