Jha Manoj Kumar, Joshi Sahira, Sharma Ram Kumar, Kim Allison A, Pant Bishweshwar, Park Mira, Pant Hem Raj
Nanomaterial Lab, Department of Applied Sciences and Chemical Engineering, IOE, Tribhuvan Universtiy, Kathmandu, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal.
Department of Healthcare Management, Woosong University, Daejeon 34606, Korea.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2021 Nov 21;11(11):3140. doi: 10.3390/nano11113140.
Global warming and water/air contamination caused by human activities are major challenges in environmental pollution and climate change. The improper discharge of a large amount of agro-forest byproduct is accelerating these issues mainly in developing countries. The burning of agricultural byproducts causes global warming, whereas their improper waste management causes water/air pollution. The conversion of these waste materials into effective smart materials can be considered as a promising strategy in waste management and environmental remediation. Over the past decades, activated carbons (ACs) have been prepared from various agricultural wastes and extensively used as adsorbents. The adsorption capacity of ACs is linked to a well-developed porous structure, large specific surface area, and rich surface functional moieties. Activated carbon needs to increase their adsorption capacity, especially for specific adsorbates, making them suitable for specific applications, and this is possible by surface modifications of their surface chemistry. The modifications of surface chemistry involve the introduction of surface functional groups which can be carried out by various methods such as acid treatment, alkaline treatment, impregnation, ozone treatment, plasma treatment, and so on. Depending on the treatment methods, surface modification mainly affects surface chemistry. In this review, we summarized several modification methods for agricultural-waste-based ACs. In addition, the applications of AC for the adsorption of various pollutants are highlighted.
全球变暖以及人类活动导致的水/空气污染是环境污染和气候变化中的主要挑战。大量农林副产品的不当排放正在加速这些问题，主要发生在发展中国家。农业副产品的燃烧会导致全球变暖，而其不当的废物管理会造成水/空气污染。将这些废料转化为有效的智能材料可被视为废物管理和环境修复中的一种有前景的策略。在过去几十年中，活性炭已由各种农业废料制备而成，并被广泛用作吸附剂。活性炭的吸附能力与发达的多孔结构、大比表面积和丰富的表面官能团有关。活性炭需要提高其吸附能力，特别是对于特定的吸附质，使其适用于特定应用，而这可以通过对其表面化学进行表面改性来实现。表面化学的改性涉及引入表面官能团，这可以通过多种方法进行，如酸处理、碱处理、浸渍、臭氧处理、等离子体处理等。根据处理方法的不同，表面改性主要影响表面化学。在本综述中，我们总结了几种基于农业废料的活性炭的改性方法。此外，还突出了活性炭对各种污染物的吸附应用。
