Davies P, Roberts M B, Roylance J
Br Med J. 1975 May 24;2(5968):434-7. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5968.434.
A prospective study of 3509 consecutive patients examined by excretion urography has been conducted to assess the incidence and significance of the untoward effects of urographic contrast media. Four compounds were used in doses containing 160 to 500 mg iodine/kg body weight. Toxic effects, arm pain, and allegic reactions were assessed separately, while the remainder were classified according to the influence of each reaction on the investigation and the need for treatment. From the results and a review of the literature we conclude that when there is a clear clinical indication for excretion urography a dose of contrast medium containing up to 600 mg iodine/kg body weight should be injected rapidly. Prophylactic antihistamine treatment and pretesting should be abandoned. Special care is needed for small infants and the lederly and for patients with renal or hepatic failure, myeloma, heart disease, or a history of previous major reaction. Full resuscitation facilities must always be available.
对3509例连续接受排泄性尿路造影检查的患者进行了一项前瞻性研究，以评估尿路造影剂不良反应的发生率及重要性。使用了四种化合物，剂量为每公斤体重含160至500毫克碘。分别评估了毒性作用、手臂疼痛和过敏反应，其余反应则根据每种反应对检查的影响及治疗需求进行分类。根据研究结果并回顾文献，我们得出结论：当有明确的临床指征需要进行排泄性尿路造影时，应快速注射含碘量高达每公斤体重600毫克的造影剂。预防性抗组胺治疗和预先测试应予以摒弃。对于小婴儿、老年人以及患有肾衰竭、肝衰竭、骨髓瘤、心脏病或有既往严重反应史的患者，需要特别护理。必须随时具备全面的复苏设备。
