Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Menopause. 2013 May;20(5):525-31. doi: 10.1097/GME.0b013e318271b388.
Menopause is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Habitual physical activity, defined as any form of body movement with energy expenditure above resting levels, may improve health parameters. We assessed the level of habitual physical activity and its effect on anthropometric measures and cardiovascular risk factors in a cohort of premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal women.
This cross-sectional study is nested on a longitudinal population-based study that was begun in 1995 in the city of Passo Fundo, Brazil. For the present analysis, 292 women were included. Anthropometric and metabolic profile was evaluated. Habitual physical activity was assessed by a digital pedometer for 7 days, and participants were stratified into active and inactive (≥6,000 and <6,000 steps/day, respectively).
The mean (SD) age was 57.1 (5.4) years. The average number of steps per day for the total sample was 5,250.7 (3,372.9): 3,472.4 (1,570.2) in the inactive group (61.8%) and 9,055.9 (3,033.4) in the active group (31.9%). A negative and statistically significant correlation was found between physical activity and smoking (P = -0.019), body mass index (P = -0.006), waist circumference (P = -0.013), and waist-to-hip ratio of 0.85 or higher (P = -0.043). Inactive women presented a higher risk of overweight/obesity (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; 95% CI, 1.233-3.622; P = 0.006) and waist circumference larger than 88 cm (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.054-2.942; P = 0.03), even after adjustment for age, menopause status, smoking, and hormone therapy. Inactive women also had a higher risk of diabetes mellitus (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.233-6.295; P = 0.014) and metabolic syndrome (OR, 2.5, 95% CI, 1.443-4.294; P = 0.001).
Habitual physical activity, specifically walking 6,000 or more steps daily, was associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in middle-aged women, independently of menopause status.
绝经与心血管疾病风险增加有关。习惯性身体活动，定义为任何高于静息水平的身体运动形式，可能改善健康参数。我们评估了习惯性身体活动水平及其对绝经前、围绝经期和绝经后妇女的人体测量学指标和心血管危险因素的影响。
这项横断面研究嵌套在一项 1995 年在巴西帕索·弗杜市开始的纵向人群研究中。对于本分析，纳入了 292 名女性。评估了人体测量和代谢特征。习惯性身体活动通过数字计步器评估 7 天，参与者分为活跃组和不活跃组（≥6000 步/天和<6000 步/天）。
平均（SD）年龄为 57.1（5.4）岁。总样本每天的平均步数为 5250.7（3372.9）：不活跃组为 3472.4（1570.2）（61.8%），活跃组为 9055.9（3033.4）（31.9%）。身体活动与吸烟呈负相关（P=-0.019），与体重指数（P=-0.006）、腰围（P=-0.013）和腰臀比为 0.85 或更高（P=-0.043）呈负相关且具有统计学意义。不活跃的女性超重/肥胖的风险更高（比值比[OR]，2.1；95%置信区间，1.233-3.622；P=0.006），腰围大于 88cm 的风险更高（OR，1.7；95%置信区间，1.054-2.942；P=0.03），即使在调整年龄、绝经状态、吸烟和激素治疗后也是如此。不活跃的女性也有更高的糖尿病风险（OR，2.7；95%置信区间，1.233-6.295；P=0.014）和代谢综合征风险（OR，2.5，95%置信区间，1.443-4.294；P=0.001）。
习惯性身体活动，特别是每天行走 6000 步或更多，与中年女性心血管疾病和糖尿病风险降低有关，与绝经状态无关。
