Physical Activity and Public Health, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK.
Can J Public Health. 2012 Jul 26;103(9 Suppl 3):eS22-8. doi: 10.1007/BF03403831.
To determine whether, and to what extent, a relation exists between neighbourhood design and children's physical activity and sedentary behaviours in Saskatoon.
Three neighbourhood designs were assessed: 1) core neighbourhoods developed before 1930 that follow a grid pattern, 2) fractured-grid pattern neighbourhoods that were developed between the 1930s and mid-1960s, and 3) curvilinear-pattern neighbourhoods that were developed between the mid-1960s through to 1998. Children aged 10-14 years (N=455; mean age 11.7 years), grouped by the neighbourhoods they resided in, had their physical activity and sedentary behaviour objectively measured by accelerometry for 7 days. ANCOVA and MANCOVA (multivariate analysis of covariance) models were used to assess group differences (p<0.05).
Group differences were apparent on weekdays but not on weekend days. When age, sex and family income had been controlled for, children living in fractured-grid neighbourhoods had, on average, 83 and 55 fewer accelerometer counts per minute on weekdays than the children in the core and curvilinear-pattern neighbourhoods, respectively. Further analyses showed that the children in the fractured-grid neighbourhoods accumulated 15 and 9 fewer minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day and had a greater time spent in sedentary behaviour (23 and 17 minutes) than those in core and curvilinear-pattern neighbourhoods, respectively.
These data suggest that in Saskatoon there is a relation between neighbourhood design and children's physical activity and sedentary behaviours. Further work is needed to tease out which features of the built environments have the greatest impact on these important lifestyle behaviours. This information, offered in the context of ongoing development of neighbourhoods, as we see in Saskatoon, is critical to an evidence-informed approach to urban development and planning.
确定萨斯卡通的邻里设计与儿童的身体活动和久坐行为之间是否存在关系，以及这种关系的程度如何。
评估了三种邻里设计：1）1930 年前开发的遵循网格模式的核心邻里，2）1930 年代至 1960 年代中期开发的断裂网格模式邻里，以及 3）1960 年代中期至 1998 年开发的曲线模式邻里。年龄在 10-14 岁之间的儿童（N=455；平均年龄 11.7 岁）按居住的邻里分组，通过加速度计对他们的身体活动和久坐行为进行了 7 天的客观测量。使用协方差分析（ANCOVA）和协方差多变量分析（MANCOVA）模型评估组间差异（p<0.05）。
在工作日，而不是周末，存在组间差异。当控制了年龄、性别和家庭收入后，与居住在核心和曲线模式邻里的儿童相比，居住在断裂网格邻里的儿童在工作日的平均每分钟加速度计计数值分别少 83 次和 55 次。进一步的分析表明，居住在断裂网格邻里的儿童每天平均多积累 15 分钟和 9 分钟的中等到剧烈的身体活动时间，且久坐行为时间也更多（分别为 23 分钟和 17 分钟）。
这些数据表明，在萨斯卡通，邻里设计与儿童的身体活动和久坐行为之间存在关系。需要进一步的研究来梳理哪些建筑环境特征对这些重要的生活方式行为影响最大。在萨斯卡通等城市不断发展的背景下，提供这些信息对于以证据为基础的城市发展和规划方法至关重要。
