State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
Waste Manag Res. 2013 Jul;31(7):663-73. doi: 10.1177/0734242X13485793. Epub 2013 Apr 25.
In this study we analyzed the characteristics of bottom and fly ashes from a municipal solid waste incinerator in China. The physical properties of particle size distribution and morphology were evaluated. At the chemical level, the chemical composition, heavy metal leaching behavior and BCR sequential extraction procedure (the Community Bureau of Reference, now the European Union 'Measurement and Testing Programme') were determined. The main mineralogical crystalline phases in raw and leached bottom and fly ashes were also identified. For the bottom ashes, the concentration of heavy metals showed a slight decrease with an increase in particle size, and most of the heavy metal concentrations in fly ashes were higher than those in bottom ashes. The results of the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure indicated that, among the metals, the concentrations of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) in fly ash leachate exceeded thresholds, while the concentrations of studied heavy metals in bottom ash leachate were all below the regulatory limit. The BCR results indicated that more easily mobilized forms (acid exchangeable) were predominant for cadmium and zinc; in contrast, the largest amount of Pb, Cu and manganese were associated with iron/manganese oxide, organic matter/sulfide fractions, or were residual.
本研究分析了中国一座城市生活垃圾焚烧厂底灰和飞灰的特性。评估了粒径分布和形态的物理特性。在化学水平上，确定了化学成分、重金属浸出行为和 BCR 顺序提取程序（欧盟参考实验室，现欧盟“测量和测试计划”）。还确定了原始和浸出的底灰和飞灰中主要的矿物结晶相。对于底灰，重金属浓度随粒径增大略有降低，而飞灰中的大部分重金属浓度高于底灰。毒性特征浸出程序的结果表明，在所研究的金属中，飞灰浸出液中铅（Pb）和铜（Cu）的浓度超过了阈值，而底灰浸出液中研究重金属的浓度均低于法规限值。BCR 结果表明，镉和锌主要以更易迁移的形式（酸可交换）存在；相比之下，最大量的 Pb、Cu 和锰与铁/锰氧化物、有机物/硫化物部分结合，或残留。
