Cline D J
Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH 45267-0523.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990 Jun;22(6 Pt 2):1299-302. doi: 10.1016/0190-9622(90)70177-j.
The psychosocial impact of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be viewed from three perspectives: (1) the issues focused by acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), (2) the persons affected, and (3) the emotions encountered. Among the many issues faced by AIDS patients, their families, and their caregivers are impending death, dependency, disfigurement, physical and emotional isolation, contagiousness, secrecy, changes in lifestyle, financial responsibility, discrimination, and burnout. Although these issues are not unique to AIDS patients, they are accentuated because more of them are likely to occur. Some ways that clinicians can help mitigate the impact of these issues are by correcting misinformation that patients and caregivers may have, improving the coordination of community services and support groups, encouraging patients to maintain control over their lives and establish a network of support contacts, being alert to repressed patient/caregiver reactions, understanding the therapeutic value of humor, and encouraging the expression of deep emotions such as grief, guilt, and anger.
感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）所带来的心理社会影响可从三个角度来看待：（1）后天免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS，艾滋病）所聚焦的问题；（2）受影响的人群；（3）所遭遇的情绪。在艾滋病患者、他们的家人以及照料者所面临的诸多问题中，有即将到来的死亡、依赖、毁容、身体和情感上的孤立、传染性、隐秘性、生活方式的改变、经济负担、歧视以及倦怠。尽管这些问题并非艾滋病患者所独有，但由于它们更有可能发生，所以被进一步凸显出来。临床医生可以通过以下一些方式来帮助减轻这些问题的影响：纠正患者和照料者可能存在的错误信息，改善社区服务和支持团体的协调，鼓励患者保持对自己生活的掌控并建立支持联络网络，留意患者/照料者被压抑的反应，理解幽默的治疗价值，以及鼓励表达诸如悲伤、内疚和愤怒等深层情感。
