Artenstein M S
Dev Biol Stand. 1975;28:115-25.
A large number of bacterial species are causative agents of respiratory tract disease. The discussion will center on three infections selected because they represent different problems in control on the basis of epidemiologic and immunochemical factors. Group A hemolytic streptococci are common upper respiratory tract pathogens which may initiate severe non-suppurative sequelae such as rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. Recent progress concerning M protein vaccines will be reviewed. Pneumococci are still the most frequent cause of pneumonia at all ages. Pneumococcal vaccines are the prototype for purified polysaccharide vaccines since their effectiveness was demonstrated 30 years ago. The major problem in vaccination is the very large number of capsular serotypes. Pseudomonas aeruginosa represents the relatively new problem of gram-negative bacterial infections in the immunodepressed host. Demonstration of seven immunotypes as the cause of 90% of human infections has led to preparation of a multivalent vaccine composed of lipopolysaccharide antigens. Current knowledge of this vaccine will be discussed.
大量细菌种类是呼吸道疾病的病原体。讨论将集中在三种感染上，之所以选择它们是因为基于流行病学和免疫化学因素，它们代表了控制方面的不同问题。A组溶血性链球菌是常见的上呼吸道病原体，可引发严重的非化脓性后遗症，如风湿热和肾小球肾炎。将回顾关于M蛋白疫苗的最新进展。肺炎球菌仍然是各年龄段肺炎最常见的病因。肺炎球菌疫苗是纯化多糖疫苗的原型，因为其有效性在30年前就已得到证实。疫苗接种的主要问题是荚膜血清型数量众多。铜绿假单胞菌代表了免疫抑制宿主中革兰氏阴性菌感染这一相对较新的问题。已证明七种免疫型是90%人类感染的病因，这促使人们制备了一种由脂多糖抗原组成的多价疫苗。将讨论关于这种疫苗的现有知识。
