Beauchamp M H, Anderson V
Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Canada; Research Center, Ste-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2013;112:913-20. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52910-7.00013-1.
Childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a frequent cause of acquired disability in childhood and can have a serious impact on development across the lifespan. The consequences of early TBI vary according to injury severity, with severe injuries usually resulting in more serious physical, cognitive and behavioral sequelae. Both clinical and research reports document residual deficits in a range of skills, including intellectual function, attention, memory, learning, and executive function. In addition, recent investigations suggest that early brain injury also affects psychological and social development and that problems in these domains may increase in the long term postinjury. Together, these deficits affect children's ability to function effectively at school, in the home, and in their social environment, resulting in impaired acquisition of knowledge, psychological and social problems, and overall reduced quality of life. Ultimately, recovery from childhood TBI depends on a range of complex biological, developmental, and psychosocial factors making prognosis difficult to predict. This chapter will detail the cognitive (intellectual, attentional, mnesic, executive, educational, and vocational) and psychopathological (behavioral, adaptive, psychological, social) sequelae of childhood TBI with a particular focus on postinjury recovery patterns in the acute, short-, and long-term phases, as well as into adulthood.
儿童创伤性脑损伤（TBI）是儿童后天残疾的常见原因，可对一生的发育产生严重影响。早期TBI的后果因损伤严重程度而异，严重损伤通常会导致更严重的身体、认知和行为后遗症。临床和研究报告都记录了一系列技能的残留缺陷，包括智力功能、注意力、记忆力、学习能力和执行功能。此外，最近的调查表明，早期脑损伤还会影响心理和社会发展，并且这些领域的问题在受伤后的长期可能会增加。这些缺陷共同影响儿童在学校、家庭和社会环境中有效发挥功能的能力，导致知识获取受损、心理和社会问题以及总体生活质量下降。最终，儿童TBI的恢复取决于一系列复杂的生物学、发育和心理社会因素，使得预后难以预测。本章将详细阐述儿童TBI的认知（智力、注意力、记忆、执行、教育和职业）和精神病理学（行为、适应、心理、社会）后遗症，特别关注急性、短期和长期阶段以及成年期的伤后恢复模式。
