Department of Medical Sociology and Health Economics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
Psychiatry Res. 2013 Oct 30;209(3):670-4. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.04.001. Epub 2013 Apr 23.
The study is focused on two research questions: What are the public's estimates of the prevalence of depression, schizophrenia, bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa? What is the relationship between the estimated prevalence of the mental disorders and the public's desire for social distance? Analyses are based on a telephone survey in two large German cities (Hamburg and Munich, N=2014, response rate 51%). Vignettes with typical signs and symptoms suggestive of a depression, schizophrenia, bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa were presented. Respondents were asked about the lifetime prevalence of the mental disorders and their desire for social distance. Across all four disorders under study the respondents markedly overestimate the rates of lifetime prevalence. Increasing prevalence estimation is associated with a significant decrease in the desire for social distance in case of schizophrenia. As for depression, anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa there are no significant associations. Many campaigns aimed at reducing stigma emphasize the high prevalence of mental disorders. The assumption of these campaigns is that reduction of the perceived distinction leads to a decrease of the desire for social distance towards those afflicted. Our results indicate that this may not generally be an effective way to reduce stigma.
公众对抑郁症、精神分裂症、神经性贪食症和神经性厌食症的流行率估计是多少？精神障碍的估计流行率与公众对社会距离的渴望之间存在什么关系？分析基于在德国两个大城市（汉堡和慕尼黑）进行的电话调查（N=2014，回应率为 51%）。呈现了具有抑郁症、精神分裂症、神经性贪食症和神经性厌食症典型迹象和症状的小插图。受访者被问及精神障碍的终身流行率以及他们对社会距离的渴望。在所研究的所有四种疾病中，受访者都明显高估了终身流行率。患病率估计的增加与精神分裂症患者对社会距离的渴望显著降低有关。对于抑郁症、神经性厌食症和神经性贪食症，没有显著的相关性。许多旨在减少污名的运动都强调精神障碍的高患病率。这些运动的假设是，减少感知到的差异会导致对受影响者的社会距离的渴望减少。我们的结果表明，这可能不是减少污名的有效方法。
