Stoesz Brenda M, Jakobson Lorna S
Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
J Vis. 2013 Apr 26;13(5):26. doi: 10.1167/13.5.26.
Facial motion cues facilitate identity and expression processing (Pilz, Thornton, & Bülthoff, 2006). To explore this dynamic advantage, we used Garner's speeded classification task (Garner, 1976) to investigate whether adding dynamic cues alters the interactions between the processing of identity and expression. We also examined whether facial motion affected women and men differently, given that women show an advantage for several aspects of static face processing (McClure, 2000). Participants made speeded identity or expression judgments while the irrelevant cue was held constant or varied. Significant interference occurred with both tasks when static stimuli were used (as in Ganel & Goshen-Gottstein, 2004), but interference was minimal with dynamic displays. This suggests that adult viewers are either better able to selectively attend to relevant cues, or better able to integrate multiple facial cues, when viewing moving as opposed to static faces. These gains, however, come with a cost in processing time. Only women showed asymmetrical interference with static faces, with variations in identity affecting expression judgments more than the opposite. This finding may reflect sex differences in global-local processing biases (Godard & Fiori, 2012). Our findings stress the importance of using dynamic displays and of considering sex distributions when characterizing typical face processing mechanisms.
面部运动线索有助于身份识别和表情处理（皮尔兹、桑顿和比尔托夫，2006年）。为了探究这种动态优势，我们使用了加纳的快速分类任务（加纳，1976年）来研究添加动态线索是否会改变身份识别和表情处理之间的相互作用。鉴于女性在静态面部处理的几个方面表现出优势（麦克卢尔，2000年），我们还研究了面部运动对男性和女性的影响是否不同。参与者在无关线索保持不变或变化的情况下进行快速身份或表情判断。使用静态刺激时（如加内尔和戈申-戈特斯坦，2004年），两项任务都会出现显著干扰，但动态显示的干扰最小。这表明，与观看静态面孔相比，成年观众在观看动态面孔时，要么更善于选择性地关注相关线索，要么更善于整合多个面部线索。然而，这些收获是以处理时间为代价的。只有女性在静态面孔上表现出不对称干扰，身份变化对表情判断的影响大于相反情况。这一发现可能反映了全局-局部处理偏差中的性别差异（戈达尔和菲奥里，2012年）。我们的研究结果强调了在描述典型面部处理机制时使用动态显示和考虑性别分布的重要性。
