Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou, China ; Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada.
Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada.
Front Psychol. 2014 Jun 24;5:633. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00633. eCollection 2014.
For the past century, researchers have extensively studied human face processing and its development. These studies have advanced our understanding of not only face processing, but also visual processing in general. However, most of what we know about face processing was investigated using static face images as stimuli. Therefore, an important question arises: to what extent does our understanding of static face processing generalize to face processing in real-life contexts in which faces are mostly moving? The present article addresses this question by examining recent studies on moving face processing to uncover the influence of facial movements on face processing and its development. First, we describe evidence on the facilitative effects of facial movements on face recognition and two related theoretical hypotheses: the supplementary information hypothesis and the representation enhancement hypothesis. We then highlight several recent studies suggesting that facial movements optimize face processing by activating specific face processing strategies that accommodate to task requirements. Lastly, we review the influence of facial movements on the development of face processing in the first year of life. We focus on infants' sensitivity to facial movements and explore the facilitative effects of facial movements on infants' face recognition performance. We conclude by outlining several future directions to investigate moving face processing and emphasize the importance of including dynamic aspects of facial information to further understand face processing in real-life contexts.
在过去的一个世纪里，研究人员广泛研究了人类面部处理及其发展。这些研究不仅增进了我们对面部处理的理解，也增进了我们对视觉处理的理解。然而，我们对面部处理的了解大多是通过使用静态面部图像作为刺激来进行研究的。因此，出现了一个重要的问题：我们对静态面部处理的理解在多大程度上可以推广到日常生活中以动态方式呈现的面部处理中？本文通过考察有关动态面部处理的最新研究来解决这个问题，以揭示面部运动对面部处理及其发展的影响。首先，我们描述了面部运动对面部识别的促进作用的证据，以及两个相关的理论假设：补充信息假设和表示增强假设。然后，我们强调了几项最近的研究，这些研究表明，面部运动通过激活特定的面部处理策略来优化面部处理，从而适应任务要求。最后，我们回顾了面部运动对面部处理在生命第一年发展的影响。我们关注婴儿对面部运动的敏感性，并探讨了面部运动对面部识别表现的促进作用。最后，我们概述了未来研究动态面部处理的几个方向，并强调了包括面部信息的动态方面的重要性，以进一步理解日常生活中的面部处理。
