Matuszewska Renata, Szczotko Maciej, Krogulska Bozena
Zakład Higieny Srodowiska, Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego - Państwowy Zakład Higieny, Warszawa.
Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2012;63(4):499-505.
The presence of parasitic protozoa in drinking water is mostly a result of improperly maintened the water treatment process. Currently, in Poland the testing of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in water as a part of routine monitoring of water is not perform.
The aim of this study was the optimization of the method of Cryptosporidium and Giardia detection in water according to the main principles of standard ISO 15553:2006 and using Filta-Max xpress automatic elution station.
Preliminary tests were performed on the samples contaminated with oocysts and cysts of reference strains of both parasitic protozoa. Further studies were carried out on environmental samples of surface water sampled directly from the intakes of water (21 samples from Vistula River and 8 samples from Zegrzynski Lake). Filtration process and samples volume reducing were performed using an automatic elution system Filta-Max xpress. Next, samples were purified during immunomagnetic separation process (IMS). Isolated cysts and oocysts were stained with FITC and DAPI and than the microscopic observation using an epifluorescence microscope was carried out.
Recovery of parasite protozoa in all contaminated water samples after 9-cycles elution process applied was mean 60.6% for Cryptosporidium oocysts and 36.1% for Giardia cysts. Studies on the environmental surface water samples showed the presence of both parasitic protozoa. Number of detected Giardia cysts ranged from 1.0/10 L up to 4.5/10 L in samples from Zegrzynski Lake and from 1.0/10 L up to 38.9/10 L in samples from Vistula River. Cryptosporidium oocysts were present in 50% of samples from the Zegrzynski Lake and in 47.6% of samples from the Vistula River, and their number in both cases was similar and ranged from 0.5 up to 2.5 oocyst/10 L. The results show that applied procedure is appropriate for detection the presence of parasitic protosoan in water, but when water contains much amount of inorganic matter and suspended solids test method have to be modified like subsamples preparation and filtration process speed reduction.
The applied method with the modification using Filta-Max xpress system can be useful for the routine monitoring of water. Detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in all samples of water taken from the intakes of surface water shows the possibility oftransfering of the protozoan cysts into the water intended for the consumption, therefore the testing of Cryptosporidium and Giardia should be included into the monitoring of water.
饮用水中寄生原生动物的存在主要是水处理过程维护不当所致。目前，在波兰，作为水常规监测一部分的水中隐孢子虫和贾第虫检测并未开展。
本研究的目的是根据标准ISO 15553:2006的主要原则并使用Filta-Max xpress自动洗脱站优化水中隐孢子虫和贾第虫的检测方法。
对两种寄生原生动物参考菌株的卵囊和包囊污染的样品进行初步试验。对直接从取水口采集的地表水环境样品（维斯瓦河21份样品和泽格林斯基湖8份样品）进行了进一步研究。使用Filta-Max xpress自动洗脱系统进行过滤过程和样品体积减少。接下来，在免疫磁分离过程（IMS）中对样品进行纯化。分离出的包囊和卵囊用FITC和DAPI染色，然后使用落射荧光显微镜进行显微镜观察。
在应用9次循环洗脱过程后，所有污染水样中寄生原生动物的回收率对于隐孢子虫卵囊平均为60.6%，对于贾第虫包囊为36.1%。对环境地表水样品的研究表明存在这两种寄生原生动物。在泽格林斯基湖的样品中，检测到的贾第虫包囊数量范围为1.0/10 L至4.5/10 L，在维斯瓦河的样品中为1.0/10 L至38.9/10 L。隐孢子虫卵囊存在于泽格林斯基湖50%的样品和维斯瓦河47.6%的样品中，在这两种情况下其数量相似，范围为0.5至2.5个卵囊/10 L。结果表明，所应用的程序适用于检测水中寄生原生动物的存在，但当水中含有大量无机物和悬浮固体时，测试方法必须修改，如制备子样品和降低过滤过程速度。
所应用的方法结合使用Filta-Max xpress系统进行修改后可用于水的常规监测。在从地表水取水口采集的所有水样中检测到隐孢子虫和贾第虫表明原生动物包囊有可能转移到供消费的水中，因此隐孢子虫和贾第虫的检测应纳入水的监测中。
