Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
Semin Plast Surg. 2012 May;26(2):64-75. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1320064.
Although most cases of craniosynostosis are nonsyndromic, craniosynostosis is known to occur in conjunction with other anomalies in well-defined patterns that make up clinically recognized syndromes. Patients with syndromic craniosynostoses are much more complicated to care for, requiring a multidisciplinary approach to address all of their needs effectively. This review describes the most common craniosynostosis syndromes, their characteristic features and syndrome-specific functional issues, and new modalities utilized in their management. General principles including skull development, the risk of developing increased intracranial pressure in craniosynostosis syndromes, and techniques to measure intracranial pressure are discussed. Evolving techniques of the established operative management of craniosynostosis are discussed together with more recent techniques including spring cranioplasty and posterior cranial vault distraction osteogenesis.
虽然大多数颅缝早闭病例是非综合征性的，但颅缝早闭与其他异常情况同时发生，形成明确的模式，构成临床上公认的综合征。患有综合征性颅缝早闭的患者需要更复杂的护理，需要采用多学科方法来有效满足他们的所有需求。这篇综述描述了最常见的颅缝早闭综合征、它们的特征和综合征特异性功能问题，以及在其治疗中使用的新方法。讨论了一般原则，包括颅骨发育、颅缝早闭综合征中颅内压升高的风险以及测量颅内压的技术。讨论了已确立的颅缝早闭手术治疗的不断发展的技术，以及包括弹簧颅骨成形术和颅后穹窿牵引成骨术在内的较新技术。
