Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3474, USA.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2013 Jun;14(6):417-28. doi: 10.1038/nrn3492. Epub 2013 May 2.
Contexts surround and imbue meaning to events; they are essential for recollecting the past, interpreting the present and anticipating the future. Indeed, the brain's capacity to contextualize information permits enormous cognitive and behavioural flexibility. Studies of Pavlovian fear conditioning and extinction in rodents and humans suggest that a neural circuit including the hippocampus, amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex is involved in the learning and memory processes that enable context-dependent behaviour. Dysfunction in this network may be involved in several forms of psychopathology, including post-traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia and substance abuse disorders.
语境赋予事件意义;它们对于回忆过去、解释现在和预测未来至关重要。事实上,大脑对信息进行情境化处理的能力允许认知和行为具有巨大的灵活性。对啮齿动物和人类的条件性恐惧学习和消退的研究表明,包括海马体、杏仁核和内侧前额叶皮质在内的神经网络参与了使行为依赖于情境的学习和记忆过程。该网络的功能障碍可能与多种形式的精神病理学有关,包括创伤后应激障碍、精神分裂症和物质滥用障碍。