1] Center on Genetics of Transport and Epithelial Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA [2] Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA [3] Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Kidney Int. 2013 Oct;84(4):657-66. doi: 10.1038/ki.2013.138. Epub 2013 May 1.
Solute-linked carrier 26 (SLC26) isoforms constitute a conserved family of anion transporters with 10 distinct members. Except for SLC26A5 (prestin), all can operate as multifunctional anion exchangers, with three members (SLC26A7, SLC26A9, and SLC26A11) also capable of functioning as chloride channels. Several SLC26 isoforms can specifically mediate Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange. These include SLC26A3, A4, A6, A7, A9, and A11, which are expressed in the kidney except for SLC26A3 (DRA), which is predominantly expressed in the intestine. SLC26 Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger isoforms display unique nephron segment distribution patterns with distinct subcellular localization in the kidney tubules. Together with studies in pathophysiologic states and the examination of genetically engineered mouse models, the evolving picture points to important roles for the SLC26 family in health and disease states. This review summarizes recent advances in the characterization of the SLC26 Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchangers in the kidney with emphasis on their essential role in diverse physiological processes, including chloride homeostasis, oxalate excretion and kidney stone formation, vascular volume and blood pressure regulation, and acid-base balance.
溶质载体 26（SLC26）同工型构成了阴离子转运蛋白的一个保守家族，共有 10 个不同的成员。除了 SLC26A5（ prestin）之外，所有的同工型都可以作为多功能阴离子交换器发挥作用，其中三个成员（SLC26A7、SLC26A9 和 SLC26A11）也可以作为氯离子通道发挥作用。几种 SLC26 同工型可以特异性地介导 Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-)交换。这些同工型包括 SLC26A3、A4、A6、A7、A9 和 A11，除了 SLC26A3（DRA）主要在肠道中表达外，它们在肾脏中表达。SLC26 Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-)交换体同工型在肾脏中具有独特的肾单位节段分布模式，在肾小管中有不同的亚细胞定位。结合在病理生理状态下的研究和对基因工程小鼠模型的检查，不断发展的情况表明 SLC26 家族在健康和疾病状态中具有重要作用。本综述总结了近年来对肾脏中 SLC26 Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-)交换体的特性研究的最新进展，重点介绍了它们在包括氯离子稳态、草酸盐排泄和肾结石形成、血管容量和血压调节以及酸碱平衡在内的多种生理过程中的重要作用。
