马拉维奇尔瓦湖周边地区的霍乱疫情：经验教训
Cholera outbreak in districts around Lake Chilwa, Malawi: lessons learned.
作者信息
Khonje Amin, Metcalf Carol Ann, Diggle Emma, Mlozowa Dudley, Jere Chandiwira, Akesson Ann, Corbet Tom, Chimanga Zachariah
机构信息
Médecins Sans Frontières, Thyolo, Malawi.
出版信息
Malawi Med J. 2012 Jun;24(2):29-33.
BACKGROUND
Cholera is endemic in Malawi with seasonal outbreaks during the wet season. People living around Lake Chilwa rely on the lake for their water supply. From May 2009 to May 2010, a cholera outbreak occurred in fishing communities around Lake Chilwa. This paper describes the outbreak response and lessons learned for prevention and management of future outbreaks.
METHODS
Starting in January 2010, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) helped District Health Management Teams (DHMTs) to distribute educational materials, water disinfectant and hygiene supplies, and oral rehydration solution (ORS) in fishing communities. MSF also supported case management by mentoring health workers and providing equipment and supplies.
RESULTS
A total of 1,171 cholera cases and 21 deaths were reported in the districts around the lake, with cases also being reported on the Mozambican side of the lake. The attack rate was highest among people living on or around the lake, particularly among fishermen. Samples of lake water had high turbidity conducive to the propagation of Vibrio cholerae.
CONCLUSION
A number of practical measures could be taken to prevent future outbreaks and to manage outbreaks more effectively. These measures should address surveillance, environmental management, outbreak preparedness, and case management.
背景
霍乱在马拉维呈地方性流行，在雨季有季节性暴发。奇尔瓦湖周边的居民依靠该湖作为水源。2009年5月至2010年5月，奇尔瓦湖周边的渔业社区发生了霍乱疫情。本文描述了疫情应对措施以及为预防和管理未来疫情所吸取的经验教训。
方法
从2010年1月开始，无国界医生组织帮助地区卫生管理团队（DHMTs）在渔业社区分发教育材料、水消毒剂和卫生用品以及口服补液盐（ORS）。无国界医生组织还通过指导卫生工作者以及提供设备和用品来支持病例管理。
结果
该湖周边地区共报告了1171例霍乱病例和21例死亡，在湖的莫桑比克一侧也有病例报告。发病率在居住在湖边或周边的人群中最高，尤其是渔民。湖水样本浊度高，有利于霍乱弧菌的传播。
结论
可以采取一些切实可行的措施来预防未来的疫情，并更有效地管理疫情。这些措施应涉及监测、环境管理、疫情防范和病例管理。
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